第二十六章

翻译：觉醒

谋杀耶稣的阴谋

1. 耶稣说完了这一切的话，就对门徒说，

2. 你们知道，过两天是逾越节，人子将要被交给人，钉在十字架上。

3. 那时，祭司长和民间的长老聚集在大祭司称为该亚法的院里。

4. 大家商议要用诡计拿住耶稣，把他杀了，

5. 只是说，当节的日子不可，恐怕民间生乱。

一直以来，耶稣耐心地教导门徒，有时鼓励他们，应许他们将来要坐在荣耀的宝座上，有时又提醒他们，凡自己谦卑的，必升为高。现在，门徒在这方面所受的教导已经完成。通过一个又一个的比喻和例子，耶稣尽一切可能预备门徒，以面对祂在世的最后日子。耶稣的教导始于祂在山上说“灵里贫穷的人有福了”，到祂离开圣殿，讲述关于爱、智慧和服务的最后三个比喻，教导到达了顶点。

当我们承认，若没有主，我们什么都做不了，我们就是“灵里贫穷的人”。这实在是一种祝福，因为它打开我们的门，使我们得着天国。同样地，从属灵的角度来看，六种仁爱的行为也传达了同样的教训，即若没有主，我们里面就没有任何良善或真理，若没有主，我们就倾向于各样的恶事，若没有主，我们就住在完全的黑暗中。一旦我们承认这一点，并努力去除阻挡主进来的邪恶和虚假，主就会带着爱、智慧和能力进来，使我们能够履行真正有用的服务。正如耶稣应许灵里贫穷的人将得着天国一样，祂也应许那些心中怀着神的爱，头脑里充满智慧，实践六种仁爱行为的人，将“承受那创世以来为他们所预备的国”。

这标志着耶稣的教导结束了，至少目前是这样。从这时起，祂不再说比喻。是时候看看门徒能否把耶稣的教导融入他们的生活中。在我们各人的生活中，也有一些时候，我们接受了足够的教导。我们已经知道真理，接下来的工作是把它们应用到生活中。因此，下一节开始说：“耶稣说完了这一切的话，就对门徒说，你们知道，过两天是逾越节，人子将要被交给人，钉在十字架上。”（26:1-2）

就在耶稣为祂的受难和死亡预备门徒的时候，宗教领袖也正在谋划这事。如经上所记：“那时，祭司长和民间的长老聚集在大祭司称为该亚法的院里。大家商议要用诡计拿住耶稣，杀他。”（26:3） ¹

这一次，反对祂的不仅仅是宗教领袖，而是有祭司长、文士、民间的长老，乃至圣殿领袖本人，也就是大祭司该亚法，他有自己的宫殿。这代表的不仅仅是我们内心一些邪恶的零星攻击，而是对我们所相信的一切良善和真理的全面攻击——从卑微的文士到大祭司本人。还要注意的是，这种攻击不是直接和公开的，而是以狡诈和阴险的方式进行。如经上所记：“他们商议要用诡计拿住耶稣，把他[即我们里面所有的良善和真理]杀了。”此外，他们知道谋杀不能在被称为逾越节的盛大节期进行。这并不是出于对逾越节及其所代表的一切的尊重，而是出于对谋害耶稣可能惹恼百姓的恐惧。于是他们彼此说：“当节的日子不可，恐怕民间生乱。”（26:5）

珍贵的香膏

6. 耶稣在伯大尼长大麻风的西门家里，

7. 有一个女人拿着一玉瓶极贵的香膏来，趁耶稣坐席的时候，浇在他的头上。

8. 门徒看见就很不喜悦，说，何用这样的枉费呢！

9. 这香膏可以卖许多钱，周济穷人。

10. 耶稣看出他们的意思，就说，为什么难为这女人呢？她在我身上做的是一件美事。

11. 因为常有穷人和你们同在，只是你们不常有我同在。

12. 她将这香膏浇在我身上，是为我安葬做的。

13. 我实在告诉你们，普天之下，无论在什么地方传这福音，也要述说这女人所行的，作个记念。

我们刚刚谈到了地狱在我们里面作工的各种方式，尤其是通过诡计和欺骗。下面的情节说明了其中一种方式。有一个女人拿着一瓶极贵的香膏来，浇在耶稣头上。香膏代表我们心里的爱，是我们每个人都应该献给主的。它“极其珍贵”，因为它是通过与试探争战得来的。在我们所经历的每一次试探中，是主时刻为我们争战。当我们把膏油浇在主的头上时，我们承认祂是我们的王，是受膏者，祂赐给我们生命的律法，帮助我们在每一次试探中得胜。

然而，我们里面的欺骗者却偷偷地把胜过试探的功劳归给自己。“干得好，”我们听到有声音在我们耳边轻声说，“你很善于胜过试探。”当我们把制服内心地狱的功劳归给自己，我们就贬低了主为我们所做的一切。由于主允许我们觉得我们得胜是靠着自己，所以我们忘了每一次得胜的功劳都属于主。虽然我们必须尽自己的一份力，但只有主才能制服我们内心的地狱，赢得每一次胜利。当我们把得胜的功劳归给自己时，我们实际上强化了对自我的爱，而不是制服了它。如果骄傲取代了谦卑，我们将经历更多的试探，直到我们认识到功劳完全属于受膏者、君王、主。 ²

因此，这段情节描绘了我们的两个方面。一方面，我们是那女人，想要把功劳完全归给主，就是由她把极贵的香膏浇在主头上所代表的。另一方面，我们是困惑的门徒。他们说：“何用这样的枉费呢！这香膏可以卖许多钱，周济穷人。”（26:9）

用油抹头

为了理解这段情节的内在含义，我们需要思考女人把珍贵的香膏浇在耶稣头上的象征意义。在圣经时代，当君王登基时，加冕仪式的特点是用油膏抹新王。大祭司亚伦是用油抹的，扫罗和大卫也是如此。事实上，“弥赛亚”一词的意思就是“受膏的”，被用来指将来拯救祂百姓的王。因此，祂被称为“受膏者”。女人用油抹耶稣的头，就是认出祂是应许的弥赛亚。然而，门徒最近才听了一个比喻，论到喂养饥饿的人，遮盖赤身露体的人，接待陌生人，故没有想到这些，而是想到了周济穷人。所以他们说：“何用这样的枉费呢！这香膏可以卖许多钱，周济穷人。”这是可以理解的。

门徒并没有什么错，他们的想法也不是出于自私。毕竟，周济穷人是一件好事。就字面意义而言，耶稣通过绵羊和山羊的比喻清楚地说明了这一点。但是，我们很容易忘记主必须是我们生命的中心。我们很容易让我们的低级本性说服我们，认为敬拜是浪费时间，读经也毫无意义，祷告还不如与人为善。所有这些都忽略了要点，即任何善事只有在主藉着我们作工的时候才是真正的善事。这就是为什么耶稣温柔地责备祂的门徒，说：“为什么难为这女人呢？她在我身上做的是一件美事。”（26:10）换句话说，行善的确很重要，是我们的目标，但是，如果不首先把主放在我们生命的中心，我们就不能以无私的方式达到这个目标。

耶稣接着说：“常有穷人和你们同在，只是你们不常有我同在。”（26:11）如果按字面意思来理解，那就错了。神总是与我们同在，就在我们中间。因此，我们需要从更内在的层面来理解。有的时候，我们觉得离神很近，有的时候，我们又觉得离神很远。当神似乎不在我们身边时，我们感觉不到祂的爱，头脑里也没有祂的智慧，我们实在是“穷人”。这种穷乏困苦的状态“常和我们同在”。但也有一些时刻，我们感到真正与主亲近，想要荣耀祂的名，使每一个行为都分别为圣。在这些时候，我们用爱和奉献的膏油膏抹主的头。因为这些时候并不总是“与我们同在”，所以我们需要在它们出现时采取行动。虽然照顾穷人很重要，但我们应该记住，首先要用爱和奉献的珍贵膏油来“膏主”。

耶稣接着又说：“她将这香膏浇在我身上，是为我安葬做的。”（26:12）通过这句话，耶稣不仅强化了祂不会永远与他们同在的字面意思，而且把他们带回了祂在本章开头所说的话，说：“人子将要被交给人，钉在十字架上。”祂在提醒门徒，祂受难的日子近了，因此他们应该留意这个女人所做的。祂说：“普天之下，无论在什么地方传这福音，也要述说这女人所行的，作个记念。”（26:13）她做了什么？从字面上看，她用油膏了耶稣。从灵性的角度来看，她的行为代表了我们的最高状态，即当我们怀着感恩的心，记念主是我们生命的君王和主宰时，我们所进入的状态。这是一种谦卑奉献和感恩的行为。

三十块银币

14. 当下，十二门徒里有一个称为加略人犹大的，去见祭司长，

15. 说，我把他交给你们，你们愿意给我多少钱？他们就给了他三十块钱。

16. 从那时候，他就找机会，要把耶稣交给他们。

膏抹耶稣的头代表承认神是我们生命的君王和主宰。在接下来的情节中，这种感恩和谦卑与加略人犹大寻求回报的态度形成了鲜明的对比，他走近祭司长，问道：“我把他交给你们，你们愿意给我多少钱？”（26:15）犹大想通过把耶稣交给祭司长来赚取一些额外的钱。

犹大寻求回报的问题让我们想起了彼得曾经问过的一个类似的问题。“看哪，我们已经撇下所有的跟从你，”彼得对耶稣说，“将来我们要得什么呢？”（19:27）但犹大的邪恶意图与彼得的纯真是有区别的。这是我们每个人都需要做的重要区分。在我们灵性发展的早期阶段，赏赐和激励是有用的。然而，我们希望能够达到一个地步，即我们不再寻求任何赏赐，只求服务中的喜乐。当我们进入这种谦卑的状态时，我们发现自己是本乎爱而行善。这意味着我们行善是因为真的喜欢行善，而不是为了任何回报。 ³

当犹大问祭司长：“我把他交给你们，你们愿意给我多少钱？”他们没有回答他。经上只是记着：“他们就给了他三十块钱。”（26:15）在圣经时代，三十块银币并不是很多钱。它只相当于奴隶受伤时所获得的补偿。在当时，这大概是几个星期的工钱。这显示出耶稣的生命和祂的救赎工作在他们眼中是多么微不足道——只值“三十块钱”。 ⁴

他们不知道，一位最尊贵的人正站在他们中间。祂曾将他们的祖先从埃及人的奴役中拯救出来，祂又亲自再来，要将他们从罪恶中拯救出来。具有讽刺意味的是，这段情节以这样的话结束：“从那时候，他就找机会，要把耶稣交给他们。”（26:16）那来救百姓脱离罪恶的人，即将被交给前来捉拿祂的人。

逾越节开始了

17. 除酵节的第一天，门徒来问耶稣说，你吃逾越节的筵席，要我们在哪里给你预备？

18. 耶稣说，你们进城去，到某人那里，对他说，夫子说，我的时候快到了，我与门徒要在你家里守逾越节。

19. 门徒遵着耶稣所吩咐的，就去预备了逾越节的筵席。

20. 到了晚上，耶稣和十二个门徒坐席。

21. 正吃的时候，耶稣说，我实在告诉你们，你们中间有一个人要卖我了。

22. 他们就甚忧愁，一个一个地问他说，主啊，是我吗？

23. 耶稣回答说，同我蘸手在盘子里的，就是他要卖我。

任何真正的宗教都有一个基本的主题，即只有主才能将我们从灵性的束缚中解救出来。没有什么比神将以色列人从埃及的奴役中拯救出来更能生动地说明这一真理了。根据这个故事，以色列人在埃及做了许多代的奴隶。他们呼求耶和华拯救，耶和华就降灾祸给埃及人。以色列人只要把羔羊的血涂在门框和门楣上，就可以得救。耶和华看见羔羊的血，就“越过”，不击杀以色列人。

关于这个神迹般的拯救，更多细节将在题为“最后的晚餐”的情节中给出，但现在重要的是要知道，这是许多“逾越节”中的第一个，记念从埃及人的奴役中解放出来。一千多年来，人们每年都会举行为期八天的庆祝活动，来记念这一事件。为了保持这一传统，下一个情节以庆祝逾越节的准备工作开始。如经上所记：“门徒来问耶稣说，你吃逾越节的筵席，要我们在哪里给你预备？”（26:17）耶稣回答说：“你们进城去，到某人那里，对他说，夫子说，我的时候快到了，我与门徒要在你家里守逾越节。”（26:18） ⁵

“进城去，到某人那里”表示向内寻找一个具体的真理，该真理对于迎接即将到来的灵性上的试炼特别有用。就耶稣而言，祂的试炼就是祂将要被卖，并要被捕、被钉十字架。就门徒而言，则是他们对主的忠心将受到考验。他们会继续忠于耶稣所教导的一切吗？还是一遇见危险就逃跑？重要的是要记住，所有这一切都发生在他们为逾越节做准备的时候。还有什么能比记念主如何神迹般地将以色列人从埃及的奴役中解救出来，更能为即将到来的挑战做准备呢？如经上所记：“门徒遵着耶稣所吩咐的，就去预备了逾越节的筵席。”（26:20）

传统上，逾越节是在傍晚时分开始的，即太阳落山的时候。太阳下山代表一个黑暗的时期，灵性受到试炼的时候，因为我们准备结束旧的生活方式（灵性的束缚），准备迎接新的生活方式（灵性的自由）。 ⁶

在这段时间里，我们必须向内走，去发现我们真正的动机和欲望。这是与我们内心所有自私自利的东西分离的开始。当我们参与这个分离的过程时，我们必须观察我们的内心，去发现我们的思想和行为可能会以什么方式背叛我们对主的忠诚。我们有没有把“羔羊的血”涂在我们内心的门框和门楣上？我们有没有用神圣的真理（主的“血”）来保护我们，远离那些试图进入我们内心的破坏性的思想和情感？ ⁷

同样地，我们必须扪心自问，我们是否忠实地遵循了由十二使徒所代表的神圣原则？每个门徒都代表了良善或真理的某个方面，无论是对主的忠心，还是与人为善的生活。我们是好门徒，还是背弃了这些基本的原则？或者我们是否对这些基本原则不忠？所以，当他们正吃的时候，耶稣说：“我实在告诉你们，你们中间有一个人要卖我了。”（26:20）他们听见耶稣说这话，“就甚忧愁”（26:22）。 ⁸

门徒依次挨近耶稣，问道：“主啊，是我吗？”这是我们在审视自己的动机、观察自己的思维、考虑自己的行为时必须经历的过程。我们是否不诚实？残忍？无怜悯心？我们是否为自己的善行寻求功德？我们是否恶意论断他人？我们问：“主啊，我怎样违背了你？是在什么时候？”当我们照着主的圣言，在真理的光明中审视我们的灵魂时，我们必须问门徒逐个问过的问题：“主啊，是我吗？”耶稣的回答是：“同我蘸手在盘子里的，就是他要卖我。”（26:23）

耶稣提到“蘸手在盘子里”，这让我们想起了吃苦菜，以记念在埃及为奴的日子。在逾越节，吃苦菜是一个很严肃的时刻，以记念在埃及为奴所受的苦役。但这也是一个喜乐的时刻，记念救赎的神迹，因着主大能的手，他们从奴役中被释放出来。门徒还没有完全意识到的是，那领他们脱离奴役的主，现在正坐在他们面前，和他们一同吃喝，一同过逾越节，甚至和他们一同蘸手在苦菜的盘子里。

不仅仅是拉比

24. 人子必要去世，正如经上指着他所写的，但卖人子的人有祸了！那人不生在世上倒好。

25. 卖耶稣的犹大问他说，拉比，是我吗？耶稣说，你说的是。

和其他门徒一样，犹大也把手蘸在盘子里，但当他的手在盘子里的时候，他的心思是在他的报酬上。他是假冒为善的典型，因为当他假装参与神圣的节期，记念他的同胞从奴役中解脱出来的时候，他实际上正在参与捉拿和捆绑那个能给予他自由的人。

每当我们利用神圣的敬拜传统，或主圣言中的一些真理为自己谋利时，我们就像犹大一样，背叛了主。宗教的真理是为了帮助我们经历灵性的重生，而不是为了让我们自我膨胀，谋取私利。我们的任务是学习这些真理，并将它们应用到生活中。然而，与其错误地使用真理，还不如根本不学习真理。正如耶稣所说：“卖人子的人有祸了！那人不生在世上倒好。”（26:24）

门徒开始担心起来。他们各自在想，耶稣是在说我吗？耶稣认为我就是将要卖祂的人吗？于是，他们一个一个地问耶稣说：“主啊，是我吗？”（26:22）犹大是最后一个挨近耶稣的门徒。到目前为止，犹大成功地蒙骗了所有人，隐瞒了他的背叛，除了耶稣。当犹大挨近耶稣，说：“拉比，是我吗？”剧情达到了顶点。其余的门徒都说：“主啊，是我吗？”犹大却称祂为“拉比”。经历了这么多年，见证了这么多神迹，聆听了耶稣所说所教导的一切，犹大仍然不承认耶稣的神性。他称祂为“拉比”，而不是“主”。然而，现在应该很清楚，耶稣不仅仅是一个拉比。因此，当犹大说：“拉比，是我吗？”耶稣回答说：“你说的是。”（26:25）通过他自己的话，犹大显出了自己的罪。

最后的晚餐

26. 他们吃的时候，耶稣拿起饼来，祝福，就擘开，递给门徒，说，你们拿着吃，这是我的身体。

27. 又拿起杯来，祝谢了，递给他们，说，你们都喝这个，

28. 因为这是我立约的血，为多人流出来，使罪得赦。

29. 但我告诉你们，从今以后，我不再喝这葡萄汁，直到我在我父的国里同你们喝新的那日子。

30. 他们唱了诗，就出来往橄榄山去。

当犹大自证其罪的话还在耳边萦绕时，耶稣拿起饼来，祝福了，就擘开，递给门徒。祂曾经行神迹，擘饼给五千人吃，又擘饼给四千人吃。但这一次，祂增加了一些新的东西，而且非常引人注目。祂说：“你们拿着吃，这是我的身体。”（26:26）然后又拿起杯来，祝谢了，递给他们，说：“你们都喝这个，因为这是我立约的血，为多人流出来，使罪得赦。”（26:26-28）

一般认为，擘饼预示着耶稣的身体在十字架上破碎，而红葡萄汁预示着耶稣的血在十字架上流出。人们也普遍认为，在最初的逾越节上被献祭和食用的羊羔预示着神的羔羊耶稣，为世人的罪牺牲自己。这些假设背后的观念是，如果我们记住耶稣为我们而死，让祂的身体破碎，让祂的血洒出，我们将靠着“羔羊的血”而得到拯救。这通常被称为“替代赎罪”。

耶稣知道受难的日子临近，这将是祂最后一次与门徒一起吃喝。因此，祂告诉他们：“我不再喝这葡萄汁，直到我在我父的国里同你们喝新的那日子。”（26:29）正因为如此，这段情节有时被称为“最后的晚餐”。

但耶稣的话有更深的意义。祂是在比较一起吃喝的社会意义（促进友谊）和接受主的爱（饼）和智慧（酒）并使之成为自己的属灵意义。世俗的筵席促进世间的友谊，属灵的筵席促进与神的结合。换句话说，耶稣指的是通过接受祂的爱和按照祂的智慧生活而与祂产生属灵的结合。

这就是在神的国里吃新饼、喝新酒（带着新的意义）的意思。 ⁹

永远的定例

为了理解“最后的晚餐”的真正含义，我们需要思考第一个逾越节的基本要素和要求。虽然我们在本章的开头简要地谈到了这一点，但现在我们将更深入地探讨。它大约发生在基督诞生前1200年。以色列人在埃及为奴已经四百年了，现在他们得释放的时候到了。摩西已经起来，要救他的百姓脱离埃及人的奴役，但法老不允许他们离开。结果，一个又一个的灾祸降临到法老和他的百姓身上。到了第九灾，遍地都黑暗了，第十灾即将来临。那行毁灭的将被差往埃及遍地，击杀一切头生的，“从坐宝座的长老，直到磨子后的婢女，所有的长子，以及一切头生的牲畜。”（出埃及记11:5）

但以色列人有特别的预备，使他们在最后的灾殃中得到保护。但为了得着这种保护，他们必须选择一只“没有瑕疵的羊羔”，在黄昏时杀了它，并把血涂在他们家的门楣和两个门框上（出埃及记12:5-7）。当夜要吃羊羔的肉，并吃无酵饼和苦菜。如经上所记：“这是耶和华的逾越节，因为当夜我要巡行埃及地，把埃及地一切头生的，无论是人是牲畜，都击杀了。”（出埃及记12:12）但以色列人要因羔羊的血得救：“这血要在你们所住的房屋上作记号，我一见这血，就越过你们去。我击杀埃及地头生的时候，灾殃必不临到你们身上灭你们。”（出埃及记12:13）

因为这是永远不可忘记的圣事，所以他们要守逾越节，作为世世代代永远的定例，记念耶和华为祂百姓所行的事。将来，当做儿女的问：“行这礼是什么意思？”做父母的要回答说：“这是献给耶和华逾越节的祭。当以色列人在埃及的时候，他击杀埃及人，越过以色列人的房屋，救了我们各家。”（出埃及记12:28）

有了这个背景，我们回到耶稣和门徒的场景，他们正在庆祝这个“永远的定例”，但以一种新的方式。当他们吃的时候，耶稣用饼和酒设立了一个新的仪式，祂说：“你们拿着吃，这是我的身体。”又拿起杯来，说：“这是我立新约的血。”祂说“新约”一词，让我们想起了先知熟悉的话语，他说：“看哪，日子将到......我要另立新约，不像我拉着他们祖宗的手，领他们出埃及家的时候，与他们所立的约。”（耶利米书31:31-32）这个“新约”将写在人的心里。我们读到：“我所立的约乃是这样，我要将我的律法放在他们里面，写在他们心上。我要作他们的神，他们要作我的子民......我要赦免他们的罪孽，不再记念他们的罪恶。”（耶利米书31:33-34）同样，当耶稣举起杯来，就应验了耶利米的预言，祂说：“这是我立新约的血，为多人流出来，使罪得赦。”（26:28）

这个关于主赦罪的预言，连同耶稣提到的新约和罪的赦免，使一些人相信，如果他们宣称相信耶稣所流的血，他们就能“得救”。这种观念是基于逾越节故事应用于耶稣身上的一种特殊解读。它视神对人类充满了愤怒，决心毁灭所有人。但根据这种解读，耶稣代替了我们。祂成了“无瑕疵的羔羊”，要献身为祭，赎回人类的罪。耶稣的活祭，包括祂在十字架上所流的血，在某种程度上与第一个逾越节涂在门框上的“羔羊的血”具有相同的功效。从本质上说，这一理论指出，所有相信耶稣流血献祭的人都将从神的愤怒中“得救”。主将“越过”他们，不毁灭他们，正如祂越过那些因为门框上涂了“羔羊的血”而得救的家庭一样。此外，作为如此信的赏赐，他们所有的罪都将得到赦免。

虽然我们可以看出虔诚的信徒是如何得出这种结论的，但我们需要考虑其中包含的一些错误观点。首先，它要我们相信，愤怒的神决定毁灭祂自己的孩子。此外，它要我们相信，神的愤怒可以通过一个无辜者的死亡而得到平息。它还要我们相信，血可以洗去罪恶。虽然阅读圣经的字面教导可能得出这些结论，但这样的推论与人类的理性或神的公义都无法调和。耶稣不是来救我们脱离神的愤怒，而是来救我们脱离地狱的怒火。 ¹⁰

祂也来赐给我们神圣的真理（由“羔羊的血”来代表），使我们得着自由。当我们在神圣真理的光照下审视自己时，我们就会认清自己的罪恶，在主面前承认它们，并祈求能力摆脱它们。然后，我们尽一切力量和努力，避免犯下这些恶行。我们如此行，好似能力来自我们自己，同时承认它完全来自主。只要我们如此行，尽心、尽性、尽意、尽力躲避罪恶，我们的罪就会被“带走”——是的，被“羔羊的血”带走，但是通过血所代表的神圣真理所带走。 ¹¹

耶稣说：“这是我立新约的血，为多人流出来，使罪得赦。”很明显，耶稣是在说属灵的事。祂把祂带给人类的真理与血液在人体内的功能作比较。在它的诸多功能中，血液携带着我们维持健康和身体机能所需的一切。血液渗透到各个地方，将荷尔蒙、维生素、氧气和热量输送到身体的每一个部位。它还携带抗体，帮助愈合伤口、抵抗感染和预防疾病。血液有助于清除二氧化碳和废物。如果这些对身体有毒的物质不能通过血液循环排出，我们就会死亡。

因此，通过类比，我们开始理解属灵真理对我们属灵身体的作用。它滋养我们，赋予我们属灵的力量。它时刻警惕着任何可能损害我们灵性健康的东西。它帮助我们识别、抵挡和清除那些会败坏和毁灭我们的邪恶思想和欲望。因此，用属灵的语言来说，“羔羊的血”必须涂在我们心灵的门框上。它是主圣言的真理，是属灵的血液，在我们的属灵身体中循环，以希望和活力激励我们，同时保护我们不受破坏性思想和情绪的影响。以色列人被告知要杀一只羊羔，把羊羔的血涂在他们家的门框上。那是旧约的血。但新约的血是属灵的真理。它要放在我们心灵的门框上，保护我们不受邪恶的侵害，并激励我们行善。

在“圣餐”中，基督徒重现了耶稣擘饼给门徒吃的这一时刻，说：“这是我的身体”，又拿葡萄汁给他们喝，说：“这是我的血。”然而，我们不能把这看作是字面上的肉和血，而应该看作是属灵的饼（爱）和属灵的酒（真理）。饼和酒象征着属灵的良善和真理，这是使我们成为人的两种品质。我们越是拥有这两种品质，我们就越具有人性，因为它们都来自神。

柔软、温暖的饼具有滋养生命的品质，它代表神圣的爱；葡萄酒具有凉爽、振奋的功效，它代表神圣的智慧。在圣餐中，我们将这两种物质摄入我们的身体，消化和吸收它们，正如我们消化和吸收神的爱和智慧一样。神在我们里面暗暗地作工，正如消化和吸收的过程（我们无法控制）在我们身体内暗暗地运作一样；祂不断地在我们里面创造一个伟大的神迹，通过祂智慧的真理（酒），保护我们不受邪恶的侵害，并通过祂爱的能力（饼），激励我们行善。然后，我们有责任履行有用的服务，将爱、智慧和能力应用到生活中。 ¹²

当耶稣与门徒结束最后的晚餐时，祂知道祂被钉十字架的时刻已经临近，祂的死亡迫在眉睫。但是，祂并没有表现出悲伤的情绪。相反，祂直面未来，口中唱着赞美诗。因此，我们读到：“他们唱了诗，就出来往橄榄山去。”（26:30）这是祂在世与门徒吃最后晚餐的合适结尾。

群羊将要分散

31. 那时，耶稣对他们说，今夜，你们为我的缘故都要跌倒。因为经上记着说，我要击打牧人，羊就分散了。

32. 但我复活以后，要在你们以先往加利利去。

33. 彼得说，众人虽然为你的缘故跌倒，我却永不跌倒。

34. 耶稣说，我实在告诉你，今夜鸡叫以先，你要三次不认我。

35. 彼得说，我就是必须和你同死，也总不能不认你。众门徒都是这样说。

尽管耶稣口中唱着赞美诗，但祂心里知道众门徒都要辜负祂。祂说：“你们为我的缘故都要跌倒。”然后，为了印证祂的预言，祂引用了先知撒迦利亚的话：“我要击打牧人，羊就分散了。”（26:31）尽管如此，耶稣并不沮丧或悲伤，因为祂知道十字架上的死亡不是结局。祂说：“但我复活以后，要在你们以先往加利利去。”（26:32）不管被钉十字架是多么痛苦，耶稣知道复活即将来临。祂的思想和心灵不是专注于即将到来的痛苦，而是专注于即将完成的伟大工作。

同样，我们知道，在我们灵性发展的道路上会有许多考验，同时伴随着自我的死亡。但是，如果我们把注意力放在结果上，我们就能直面每一次属灵的争战，口中唱着歌，心里持守着信心。无论争战多么激烈，我们知道得胜是有保证的，因为为我们争战的主亲密地与我们同在。

吃圣餐代表我们生命中最接近主的时刻。我们感到有力量，有信心，因为主与我们同在。“往橄榄山去”和唱赞美诗就是代表这种崇高的爱。在这种状态下，我们有充分的信心跟从主，不偏离祂的诫命。然而，在重生的过程中，有时我们的决心会受到挑战，从而“跌倒”，离开这种崇高的爱的状态。 ¹³

这种倒退的倾向是属灵生活中存在的一个事实。然而，我们倾向于否认这一点，这也是属灵方面的一个现实。我们顽固地否认我们倒退的倾向，这在下一情节中得到了体现。耶稣刚刚预言，当晚所有的门徒都要跌倒，但彼得不信。相反，他坚定不移地表示要跟从耶稣。他说：“众人虽然为你的缘故跌倒，我却永不跌倒。”又说：“我就是必须和你同死，也总不能不认你。”（26:35）其余的门徒也都这么说。

然而，耶稣知道不是这样。祂知道彼得当晚会三次不认祂——甚至在鸡叫之前。祂也知道我们每个人都会像门徒一样，在灵性成长的过程中多次跌倒，尽管我们（像彼得一样）相信我们永远不会再跌倒。这是我们都要吸取的一个重要教训，无论过程多么艰苦。

为了灵性的成长，对自我的信心必须被对主的充分信心所取代。这是一个艰难的教训，需要在一次次退却和兴起的过程中逐渐学会。我们不得不一次又一次地跌倒，直到我们最终意识到，我们唯一的希望和唯一的信靠是在主身上。正如诗篇所记：“他虽失脚，也不至于全身仆倒，因为耶和华用手搀扶他。”（诗篇37:24）是的，“投靠耶和华，强如倚赖人。”（诗篇118:8） ¹⁴

我们将看到，说来容易做来难。

在客西马尼园

36. 耶稣同门徒来到一个地方，名叫客西马尼，就对他们说，你们坐在这里，等我到那边去祷告。

37. 于是带着彼得和西庇太的两个儿子同去，就忧愁起来，极其难过，

38. 便对他们说，我心里甚是忧伤，几乎要死。你们在这里等候，和我一同警醒。

39. 他就稍往前走，俯伏在地，祷告说，我父啊，倘若可行，求你叫这杯离开我。然而，不要照我的意思，只要照你的意思。

40. 来到门徒那里，见他们睡着了，就对彼得说，怎么样？你们不能同我警醒片时吗？

41. 总要警醒祷告，免得入了迷惑。你们心灵固然愿意，肉体却软弱了。

42. 第二次又去祷告说，我父啊，这杯若不能离开我，必要我喝，就愿你的意旨成全。

43. 又来，见他们睡着了，因为他们的眼睛困倦。

44. 耶稣又离开他们去了。第三次祷告，说的话还是与先前一样。

45. 于是来到门徒那里，对他们说，你们还在睡觉安歇吗？看哪，时候到了，人子被卖在罪人手里了。

46. 起来！我们走吧。看哪，卖我的人近了。

耶稣和门徒下到橄榄山脚下的一个小花园——客西马尼园。地理位置的下降象征我们在属灵生活中经历的起伏。我们从坚定的决心和毫不动摇的信心陷入疑惑，我们的信心受到挑战，我们的属灵生活受到攻击。像这样的时候，即当我们感到“心情低落”和“抑郁”时，可以被描述为精神压抑的时候。恰好，“客西马尼”一词的意思是“橄榄榨”，准确地描述了耶稣即将经历的精神压力和心理痛苦。

橄榄（特别是在圣经时代）有许多重要的作用。它生产的油被用来膏立君王、减少摩擦、治疗创伤和点亮灯具。其金黄的色泽，温暖光滑的触觉，以及提供光和热的能力，使其成为神之爱的合适象征。 ¹⁵

橄榄油是橄榄树的精华，它只有在极大的压力下才能提取出来。同样，只有当我们处于巨大精神压力下的时候，我们的本质才显现出来。如果我们的意图是仁爱和高尚的（正如橄榄和它的油所代表的），它将显明出来。当耶稣在客西马尼饱尝痛苦时，这些意图、渴望和最深切的爱将从祂里面倾泻出来。在沉重的压力下，耶稣为拯救全人类的深切的爱将显露出来。

这段震撼人心的情节始于耶稣对门徒说：“你们坐在这里，等我往那边去祷告。”（26:36）然后，带着彼得和西庇太的两个儿子（雅各和约翰），祂进入了痛苦的时刻。祂开始“忧愁起来，极其难过”（26:37）。此时此刻，我们对祂精神上的痛苦知之甚少，除了祂说：“我心里甚是忧伤，几乎要死。”（26:38）就在不久之前，耶稣在橄榄山上和门徒守逾越节，唱诗歌。但现在，祂下到花园，经历了最深切的悲伤——几乎要死。祂稍往前走，俯伏在地，甚是痛苦，祷告说：“我父啊，倘若可行，求你叫这杯离开我。”（26:39）

受试探的痛苦与当时受到攻击的爱直接相关。若情感不深，悲伤也必不深。反之，爱若深沉，悲伤也必深刻而痛苦。许多人都熟悉失去亲人的悲痛。爱得越深，挣扎就越深。 ¹⁶

我们无法理解耶稣所受的痛苦，因为我们永远无法了解祂爱的深度。但我们知道祂的争战不是出于任何自私的动机或利益自己的欲望，而是出于最深沉的爱——为拯救全人类的爱。在耶稣身上，这种爱时刻受到地狱势力各种方式的无情攻击，从最早的童年开始，贯穿祂的一生。现在，在客西马尼，残酷的攻击达到了一个新的高度，与祂里面神圣的爱相对，这种爱正与祂合一。 ¹⁷

耶稣知道祂的时候已经临近，祂很快就要喝尽那极其痛苦的杯。在一个层面上，这“杯”代表了耶稣被钉在十字架上的身体状况。祂知道这将包括可怕的身体痛苦，甚至失去祂的肉体生命。然而，在更内在的层面上，这杯很快就会充满极度残暴和愤怒的属灵攻击，攻击祂内心深处的爱。祂会怀疑人类是否可以被拯救，人类是否会使用神所赐的自由和理性，神是否应该凌驾于他们的自由之上并简单地强迫他们。

要理解耶稣在客西马尼的挣扎，一种方法是将其与为了孩子的错误选择而深感痛苦的父母作比。这样的父母可能会经历极端的痛苦，特别是当父母爱得深沉，感觉孩子永远不会改变的绝望出现的时候。当耶稣受到试探，觉得人类一切都完了的时候，祂的痛苦是多么大啊！毕竟，祂已经尽了一切可能来拯救人类。祂付出了爱，提供了智慧，治愈了病人，并行了许多神迹。可换来的是，祂预知祂的门徒都要辜负祂。祂将被抛弃，被钉十字架，然后死亡，而祂的门徒却什么都不做。这真是绝望的苦杯，所以祂祷告说“我父啊，倘若可行，求你叫这杯离开我。”（26:39）

事实上，耶稣在园中受苦时重复做了三次祷告。正如许多人从自己的经历中所知道的，试探的痛苦通常不会在一瞬间消除。他们必须一次又一次地藉着祷告的力量，祈求神的能力和保护。这就是为什么耶稣反复祷告，希望苦杯离开祂，每一次都承认，如果苦杯不能离开祂，就愿神的旨意成就。祂重复做了三次祷告，每次都以那句不朽的话结束：“不要照我的意思，只要照你的意思。”（26:39、42、44）

当耶稣开始与门徒进入客西马尼园时，祂特别嘱咐彼得、雅各和约翰：“你们在这里等候，和我一同警醒。”（26:38）但他们不但没有警醒，反而睡着了。耶稣便对他们说：“你们不能同我警醒片时吗？”（26:40）又说：“总要警醒祷告，免得入了迷惑。”（26:41）无论祂多少次嘱咐他们要警醒，他们还是睡着了。

值得注意的是，耶稣不只是嘱咐他们要“警醒”。祂说“总要警醒祷告”，免得入了迷惑。在前面的情节中，门徒吃了新约的肉（接受了爱），喝了新约的血（接受了真理）。这爱和真理是为了保护我们不受邪恶欲望和错误思想的影响，它们试图侵入我们的头脑，摧毁我们的灵魂。为了防止这种侵蚀，我们必须时刻保持警醒，对我们内心世界正在发生的事情保持灵魂的觉醒。很多时候，我们就像那些一直睡着的门徒——尽管耶稣不断提醒他们要“警醒祷告”。

当我们意识到，若没有主，我们的属灵生命时刻处于危险中，我们就是在“警醒祷告”。同样地，当我们选择留在主的爱中，被祂的真理所引导，我们也是在“警醒祷告”。当耶稣嘱咐门徒要“警醒”时，祂也是在嘱咐我们。我们必须保持灵魂的觉醒。我们不能让自己陷入自恃自满的状态，或满足于知道多少真理，行了多少善事。在灵性道路上确实有“宽限期”，即我们感到满足、放松和平静的时候。但即便如此，我们也不能放松警惕。我们必须“警醒祷告”，以免我们被突然爆发的愤怒、自卑或骄傲所淹没。这些是我们的“客西马尼”——当我们真正的本质显露出来，把我们压得粉碎的时候。 ¹⁸

尽管耶稣一再嘱咐门徒要警醒祷告，他们还是睡着了。这对我们来说是一个教训。我们必须保持灵魂的觉醒，随时准备与邪恶争战，充分准备好头脑中有真理，心中有爱，口中有对主的祷告。我们越是如此行，在生活中保持觉醒，我们就能提前产生警觉，一旦不愉快的情绪、无怜悯的想法和脱离爱的情感产生时，就觉察它们。

就像破坏性的杂草一样，当它们的嫩芽刚冒出地面时，这些情绪、想法和情感就可以被发现，并连根拔起。通过练习，这将变得越来越容易——但我们必须时刻保持警醒。因为“出卖者”总是在我们身边。因此，当这段情节接近尾声时，耶稣说：“你们还在睡觉安歇吗？看哪，时候到了，人子被卖在罪人手里了。”（26:45）耶稣叫祂的门徒“起来”，但为时已晚。耶稣说：“看哪，卖我的人近了。”（26:46）

捉拿耶稣

47. 说话之间，那十二个门徒里的犹大来了，并有许多人带着刀棒，从祭司长和民间的长老那里与他同来。

48. 那卖耶稣的给了他们一个暗号，说，我与谁亲嘴，谁就是他。你们可以拿住他。

49. 犹大随即到耶稣跟前，说，请拉比安，就与他亲嘴。

50. 耶稣对他说，朋友，你来做什么？于是那些人上前，下手拿住耶稣。

51. 有跟随耶稣的一个人伸手拔出刀来，将大祭司的仆人砍了一刀，削掉了他一个耳朵。

52. 耶稣对他说，收刀入鞘吧！凡动刀的，必死在刀下。

53. 你想我不能求我父现在为我差遣十二营多天使来吗？

54. 若是这样，经上所说事情必须如此的话怎么应验呢？

55. 当时，耶稣对众人说，你们带着刀棒出来拿我，如同拿强盗吗？我天天坐在殿里教训人，你们并没有拿我。

56. 但这一切的事成就了，为要应验先知书上的话。当下，门徒都离开他逃走了。

就在耶稣提醒门徒要警醒祷告的时候，犹大带着“许多人”来，手里拿着“刀棒”（26:47）。他们是宗教领袖差来捉拿耶稣的。犹大安排给他们一个记号，让他们知道哪个是耶稣。他告诉他们：“我与谁亲嘴，谁就是他，你们可以拿住他。”（26:48）于是，犹大按计划到耶稣跟前，说：“请拉比安”，就与祂亲嘴。通常，亲吻是一种甜蜜和爱的姿态，是团结和友谊的表现。但犹大的吻却恰恰相反。这是伪君子的吻，绝不是朋友的吻。这是一个用嘴唇赞美主（就像亲吻一样），心却远离祂的人的吻。 ¹⁹

面对犹大虚伪的问候，耶稣回答说：“朋友，你来做什么？”（26:50）在这种情况下，把犹大称为“朋友”是非常讽刺的。耶稣知道犹大是来卖祂的。然而，祂还是以“朋友”称呼他——但耶稣的用词是意味深长的。在这里，耶稣用来表示“朋友”的希腊词是“hetairos”，意思是“熟人”。通常，耶稣会用“philos”这个词来表示深厚的友谊和兄弟之情。这两种朋友之间有根本的区别。在之前的两个情节中，耶稣用“hetairos”一词来描述葡萄园里那些嫉妒的工人（20:13），以及不穿礼服参加婚礼的伪君子（22:12）。在这两个例子中（以及当前的情节中），“hetairos”一词指的是像犹大这样的宗教伪君子，他们过着看似道德的生活，不是因为他们爱神和信神，而是因为他们可以从中获得一些私利。在这方面，还应该注意到，犹大再次称呼耶稣为“拉比”，而不是“主”。他把祂看作老师（拉比），而不是他的主。 ²⁰

犹大以亲嘴作为捉拿耶稣的记号。但当一个兵丁上前准备捉拿祂时，其中一个门徒拔出刀来，削掉了他一个耳朵。在传道的早期，耶稣曾说：“我来并不是叫地上太平，乃是叫地上动刀兵。”（10:34）但现在耶稣给了一个不同的教导，祂说：“收刀入鞘吧！凡动刀的，必死在刀下。”（26:52）

为什么耶稣一开始赞同动刀，现在却责备门徒动刀呢？我们记得，“刀”象征真理明辨是非的能力。真理像一把刀，为我们争战。它保护我们不受邪恶和虚假的侵害，保护我们心中一切良善和真实的事物。在我们重生之初，这种争战性的真理对我们至关重要，因为若没有真理的知识，我们就无法抵御虚假，也无法“斩断”那些对我们灵性发展有害的消极思想和破坏性行为。在我们生命的这个时期，真理必须引领我们前进。

但随着我们灵性的成熟，真理会让位于良善。到那时，我们注意到，我们变得不那么喜欢与人争论，也不那么追求“正确”。我们越来越不愿意使用真理作为防御武器。相反，我们开始看到有一种更强大的武器——如果它可以被称为“武器”的话。它就是爱的力量。当耶稣叫门徒放下刀，且说：“你想我不能求我父现在为我差遣十二营多天使来吗？”（26:53）指的就是这种灵性发展的高级状态。“求我父”代表汲取祂内在的神圣之爱，这种爱比地上或天上的任何东西都更强大，因为它是神圣的全能本身。 ²¹

在这里，我们看到了前一个情节的延续，即耶稣嘱咐祂的门徒要“警醒祷告”。耶稣再次谈到了祈祷的功效，提醒我们它比刀剑更强大，因为它将我们与宇宙中最强大的力量（即神圣的爱）联系起来。当耶稣说不需要刀剑或防御性战斗时，这就是祂的意思，因为祂拥有终极武器，宇宙中最强大的力量：祂可以向祂的父祷告。

但这一切都超出了门徒的理解范围。在他们灵性发展的这个阶段，他们可以理解战斗和得胜的最外在形式。但他们还不怎么理解内在的争战，特别是在耶稣内心和思想中正在进行的争战。我们需要记住，他们就是想要坐在宝座上的门徒，就是耶稣说要辜负祂的门徒，就是耶稣在客西马尼受苦时睡着的门徒。他们并没有走得很远。

然而，耶稣继续指示他们，教导他们。这一次的教导是关于内心的克制，以及收刀入鞘的意愿。那些真正跟随主的人，终究会理解神圣之爱的力量。它从不争斗，却总是征服。但门徒还不能理解这一点。相反，他们是如此的困惑和害怕，以至于“离开他逃走了”（26:56）。

的确，我们很难相信不争斗就能征服。一开始，大多数人都拒绝这种观念。 ²²

彼得远远地跟着

57. 拿耶稣的人把他带到大祭司该亚法那里去，文士和长老已经在那里聚会。

58. 彼得远远地跟着耶稣，直到大祭司的院子，进到里面，就和差役同坐，要看这事到底怎样。

59. 祭司长和全公会寻找假见证控告耶稣，要治死他。

60. 虽有好些人来作假见证，总得不着实据。末后有两个人前来，说，

61. 这个人曾说，我能拆毁神的殿，三日内又建造起来。

62. 大祭司就站起来，对耶稣说，你什么都不回答吗？这些人作见证告你的是什么呢？

63. 耶稣却不言语。大祭司对他说，我指着永生神叫你起誓告诉我们，你是神的儿子基督不是？

64. 耶稣对他说，你说的是。然而，我告诉你们，后来你们要看见人子坐在那权能者的右边，驾着天上的云降临。

65. 大祭司就撕开衣服，说，他说了僭妄的话，我们何必再用见证人呢？这僭妄的话，现在你们都听见了。

66. 你们的意见如何？他们回答说，他是该死的。

67. 他们就吐唾沫在他脸上，用拳头打他，也有用手掌打他的，说，

68. 基督啊！你是先知，告诉我们打你的是谁？

“门徒都离开他逃走了”，除了彼得“远远地跟着他”（26:58）。彼得代表我们的信心，一种仍然坚持，希望事情会变好的信心。但这是一种摇摆不定的信心，它虽然仍跟着耶稣，却是“远远地”。它看着他们把耶稣带走，到大祭司该亚法那里。宗教领袖已经聚集，准备指控耶稣亵渎，以便将祂处死。

在这段时间里，有许多假证人来控告祂，但都没有实据。末后有两个见证人前来，说：“这个人曾说，我能拆毁神的殿，三日内又建造起来。”（26:61）耶稣确实曾预言圣殿将被拆毁（24:2），但祂不曾说祂要拆毁耶路撒冷的圣殿，也不曾说祂会重建圣殿。所以，这显然是一个虚假的指控。

但如果从属灵的角度来理解，它确实包含了一个深刻的真理，因为耶稣的身体就是一座圣殿，神的灵住在祂里面。这殿是祂的肉身，里面住着祂神圣的灵魂。这殿会被击打、鞭笞、钉在十字架上，甚至“毁灭”，但必须等到耶稣完成祂在地上的工作。而且祂确实要在“三日内又建造起来”。也就是说，祂将复活，不再是从马利亚那里得到的地上的身体（那座“圣殿”将被摧毁），而是一个复活的、荣耀的身体，一座新的圣殿，清除了人类所有的弱点，充满了神圣的力量。这就是为什么耶稣能够回应这个指控，说：“后来你们要看见人子坐在那权能者的右边，驾着天上的云降临。”（26:64）

与本节的主题一致，耶稣没有为自己辩护。祂唯一的回答是，人子要坐在那权能者的右边，驾着天上的云降临。对耶稣来说，这是又一次提到神圣的爱（“权能者的右边”）藉着神圣的真理（“天上的云”）而来。但对于注重字面意思的大祭司来说，这是亵渎。在他看来，耶稣似乎要自立为王，坐在世界的宝座上。

这个说法惹恼了大祭司。他撕开衣服，喊着说：“他说了僭妄的话，我们何必再用见证人呢？这僭妄的话，现在你们都听见了。”（26:65）他们都回答说：“他是该死的。”就吐唾沫在祂脸上，殴打祂，说：“基督啊！你是先知，告诉我们打你的是谁？”（26:68）

公鸡打鸣

69. 彼得在外面院子里坐着，有一个使女前来，说，你素来也是同那加利利人耶稣一伙的。

70. 彼得在众人面前却不承认，说，我不知道你说的是什么！

71. 既出去，到了门口，又有一个使女看见他，就对那里的人说，这个人也是同拿撒勒人耶稣一伙的。

72. 彼得又不承认，并且起誓说，我不认得那个人。

73. 过了不多的时候，旁边站着的人前来，对彼得说，你真是他们一党的，你的口音把你露出来了。

74. 彼得就发咒起誓地说，我不认得那个人。立时，鸡就叫了。

75. 彼得想起耶稣所说的话，鸡叫以先，你要三次不认我。他就出去痛哭。

当耶稣在该亚法的宫殿里被宗教领袖辱骂和吐唾沫时，彼得仍在外面的院子里。摇摆不定的信心不能拯救。这样的信心只在我们口中，也许也在我们的悟性中，但还没有在我们心中。尽管彼得坚定地表示他永远不会不认耶稣（26:34），但他现在开始不认祂，而且不止一次，而是三次。我们读到：“有一个使女前来，说，你素来也是同那加利利人耶稣一伙的。”但彼得不承认（26:69）。这是第一次。又有一个使女前来说：“这个人也是同拿撒勒人耶稣一伙的。”他又不承认（26:71）。这是第二次，而且更加坚决。他起誓说：“我不认得那个人。”（26:72）

这两个使女都代表一种情感的涌动，一种跟随主并按照祂教导的真理生活的意愿。但每次我们都踌躇不前，心里说：“别人会怎么想？我会不会尴尬？会不会不舒服？我会失去朋友吗？我会为我的信仰受苦吗？”像彼得一样，我们仍然追随主，但离得远远的。我们内心的涌动不足以克服我们的恐惧和疑虑。

末了，彼得得到了最后一次机会，来表明他对耶稣的忠诚。又有人前来说：“你真是他们一党的，你的口音把你露出来了。”（26:73）这一次，彼得的否认比以前更加坚决。第一次，他只是简单地否认。第二次，他起誓否认。而这一次，他发咒起誓地否认。我们读到彼得“发咒起誓地说，我不认得那个人”（26:74）。彼得的回答需要我们停下来想一想。我们需要问自己，那个说“即使众人都为你的缘故跌倒，我却永不跌倒”（26:33）的忠心的门徒怎么了？

答案是，彼得需要学习我们都必须学习的一课。我们的信心会受到试炼。没有别的途径。但我们可以做好准备，当试炼来临时保持警醒，通过按照神的圣言生活，来承认我们对神的信心。这正是彼得需要学习的功课，通过心碎的经历，他明白了；鸡叫了，彼得想起耶稣所说的话：“鸡叫以先，你要三次不认我。”（26:75）

黎明时分，公鸡的鸣叫对彼得来说是一个黑暗的时刻。我们读到：“他就出去痛哭。”（26:75）然而，公鸡的鸣叫还有另一层含义。因为它也标志着至暗时刻的结束和新的一天的来临。每个夜晚过后，都是新的一天的黎明。每一次死亡之后，都有新生的希望。因此，藉着公鸡的鸣叫，耶稣不仅预言了彼得的背叛，而且预言了一种新的意识的曙光——不仅对彼得来说是如此，对全人类来说也是如此。

无论黑夜有多长，公鸡都会打鸣，早晨也会到来。

脚注:

242. To buy of Me gold tried by fire, that thou mayest be enriched, signifies that they should acquire for themselves from the Lord genuine good, that they may be able to receive the truths of faith. This is evident from the signification of "buying," as being to acquire and appropriate to oneself (See Arcana Coelestia 4397, 5374, 5397, 5406, 5410, 5426); also from the signification of "gold tried by fire," as being genuine good, thus good from the Lord (of which presently); also from the signification of "that thou mayest be enriched," as being to be enabled to receive the truths of faith. This is the signification of being "enriched," because "riches" and "wealth" signify the knowledges of truth and good, and "the rich" are those who are in intelligence by means of knowledges, here, those who are in faith by means of them, since those who are in the doctrine of faith alone are here treated of. From this it is clear that "to buy of Me gold tried by fire, that thou mayest be enriched," signifies that they must acquire for themselves genuine good from the Lord so that they may receive the truths of faith.

[2] It shall first be told how this is to be understood. It has often been said before, that there is no truth which is truth in itself unless it be from good, thus no faith that is faith in itself unless it be from charity: for there is no truth that is truth in itself unless there is spiritual life within it, and spiritual life is within it when it is formed out of the good of charity; for truth is the form of good, and good is the esse of truth, thus also its life; and good is from no other source than from the Lord. When there is good from the Lord, the truth that is from the good looks primarily to the Lord and also to the neighbor and his good, for the Lord flows in with good and by it forms truth, which is the truth of faith, and causes man's spiritual sight to look to him and to the neighbor. (That this is so, may be seen in the work on Heaven and Hell 145, 251, namely, that the Lord looks at angels and men in the forehead, and these look to the Lord through the eyes; for the reason that the forehead corresponds to the good of love, and the eyes to the understanding illustrated thereby, consequently to the truths of faith. Also in the same work, n. Heaven and Hell 17, 123, 124, 142-144, 510, it is shown that in the spiritual world all are turned to their own loves, and those who have acknowledged the Lord and believed in Him are turned to Him, and thereby have good, and through good, illustration in respect to truths.) From this it can be seen what the genuine good is that is signified by "gold tried by fire," namely, that it is good from the Lord alone.

[3] As what is written to the angel of this church treats of those who live according to the doctrine of faith alone, and as those who had confirmed themselves in that doctrine, and were on that account called learned in the world, were able to join falsities with truths and make the doctrine appear as if it were true, therefore, it was granted me to talk with some of them in the other life; and as the things that were then said on either side may serve for illustration I will present them. These learned ones, from their belief while in the world, supposed that there might be faith without charity, and that man may be justified by that alone. Their talk was very ingenious; they said that there is faith without charity, because it is prior to charity, and because by it man is in good. "Who," they said, "is not able to believe that there is a God, that the Word is Divine, and other like truths, which unless believed could not be received and thought of by man?"

From this they concluded that as faith precedes, or is prior to, charity, there can be faith without charity; and if there can be, that it must be saving, since man cannot do good from himself; unless, therefore, that faith were saving all would perish: moreover, without faith there could be no presence of God with man; and without the presence of God evil would reign, and no one would have any good. This, they said, is what is meant by justification by faith alone. But it was shown them that there could not be faith unless there was at the same time charity; and that what they called faith was nothing but the knowledges that are first with every man; for example, that there is a God, that the Word is Divine, and the like, and that these knowledges are not in the man before they are in his will, but are in the entrance to him, which is his memory; but so far as they are in his will so far they are in the man himself, for the will is the man himself; and so far as they are in the will so far they are in his sight, which is faith. The knowledges themselves that precede, and that appear to the natural sight as if believed, do not until then come to be of faith; consequently this seeing the knowledges, that is thought to be of faith, recedes step by step from man as he begins from willing evil to think evil, and also recedes from him after death when man becomes a spirit, if the knowledges have not been rooted in his life, that is, in his will or love.

[4] This may be illustrated by a comparison with the stomachs of birds and beasts of the earth that are called ruminating stomachs. Into these they first collect their food, and afterwards by degrees take it out and eat it, and thus nourish the blood; food thus becomes a part of their life. With man the memory corresponds to these stomachs; and man is endowed with memory instead of these because he is spiritual; into this he first gathers spiritual foods, which are knowledges, and afterwards he takes them out by a sort of ruminating, that is, by thinking and willing, and appropriates them, and thus makes them a part of his life.

From this comparison, although trifling, it can be seen that knowledges, unless implanted in the life by thinking and willing them and then doing them, are like food that remains unconsumed in ruminating stomachs, where it either becomes putrid or is vomited out. Moreover, the circle of man's life is to know, ¹ to understand, to will, and to do; for man's spiritual life begins with knowing, passes next to understanding, then to willing, and finally to doing. From this it is clear that so long as knowledges are in the memory they are merely in the entrance to the life, and that they are not fully in man until they are in acts, and the more fully they are in acts the more fully they are in the understanding and will.

[5] It was further shown that the faith of knowledges before it becomes the faith of life is historical faith, the nature of which is well known, namely, that it is believed because another has said it; until this has been made man's own it is an alien thing, or something with ourself belonging to someone else. Historical faith, moreover, is like a belief in things unknown, for it is said that things must be believed though not understood, yea, that they must not be searched into by the understanding; and yet spiritual faith is such that in it truths themselves are seen and are consequently believed. In heaven no one believes any truth unless he sees it or has seen it; for they say, "Who can believe that a thing is so unless he sees it? It may possibly be false." And only the evil can believe what is false; for the evil from evil see falsities, but the good from good see truths; and as good is from the Lord, so also seeing truth from good is from the Lord. Angels see truths because the light of heaven, in which they are, is Divine truth proceeding from the Lord; all, therefore, even those in the world, who are in that light are able to see truth. (Of the light of heaven, and that it is such, see in the work on Heaven and Hell 126-140.)

[6] It was then shown that charity and faith act as one and enter together into man, thus that man is so far in faith as he is in charity, since faith as to its essence is charity, just as truth as to its essence is good; for good, when it exists in shape or in form is truth; in like manner charity is faith, for good is of charity and truth is of faith; moreover, the one loves the other and conjoins itself to the other, therefore one is not given unless the other be with it. This was illustrated by man's thought, which is of his understanding, and his affection, which is of his will; to think apart from affection is impossible, for the very essence of thought is affection or love. Man is able, to be sure, to think all things that he knows from the doctrine of the church, but only from a natural affection, which is the affection or love of glory, fame, honor or gain; but such an affection does not make thought to be spiritual; this requires charity, which is spiritual affection itself. When this is conjoined with knowledges there is faith, and then so far as man is in that affection he sees in thought the things that are of his faith, which are called truths, and acknowledges them, because they are from his very spirit, thus from his very spiritual life. This also is what is called illustration; and this is why no one can be illustrated from the Word unless he is in the spiritual affection of truth. Something like illustration there is, indeed, with those who have confirmed themselves in such things as are of the doctrine of faith alone and justification by faith; but that illustration is a fatuous illustration, since falsities as well as truths can be confirmed, like all those heresies that prevail both among the Jews and among Papists. With those who are called naturalists, and who deny God, the Divinity of the Word, and all other things belonging to the church, there is a similar light after confirmations; like that with those who have confirmed themselves in faith alone and justification by faith. (That the light of confirmation is natural, not spiritual, and exists also with the evil, see Arcana Coelestia 8780.)

[7] But let us return to the faith that in its essence is charity. That faith is continually perfected by such things as confirm; for from spiritual light more truths are constantly being seen, and all these join themselves to the good of charity, and perfect it. From this man has intelligence and wisdom, which at length become angelic. Moreover, those who are merely in the knowledges of faith, and not in a life according to them, believe that man can easily receive faith, if not in the world yet in another life, saying within themselves, "When I hear and see that a thing is so can I not believe it?" But they are greatly mistaken; for those who have not received spiritual faith in the world can never afterwards receive it, even if they were to hear of it and see it a thousand times; and for the reason that such a faith is not in man, but outside of him. That this is so can be clearly seen from this, that all who come from the world are first received by angels and good spirits, and instructed in every way, yea, many things are shown them to the life and before their very eyes, and yet they do not receive; thus they alienate themselves from angels and good spirits, and join those who are in no faith.

[8] Again, it was also told them, that if faith could be received by merely knowing and thinking it would be received by all, ² the evil and the good alike, and thus no one would be damned. That charity, which is spiritual affection, can never be given to anyone unless he knows truths, examines himself by means of them, accepts them, and leads a new life in accordance with them, may be seen above n. 239. From this it follows that charity is the life of faith, and that there is nothing of life in faith except in the measure of the charity that is in it; and also that in the measure that charity is in faith man is led by the Lord, but in the measure that charity is not in faith man is led by himself; and he who is led by himself and not by the Lord is unable to think of good, still less to will and do good which is good in itself; for from what is man's own [ex proprio] nothing proceeds except evil; for when a man thinks of good, and wills and does good and ³ what is his own [ex propio], it is only for his own sake and for the sake of the world, which are the ends of what he does, and the ends are the loves that lead him; and man cannot be withdrawn from his selfhood [a suo proprio] or elevated unless he looks to the Lord in regard to the things that are of life; by this looking he is conjoined with heaven, and from heaven a spiritual affection is given him by the Lord. When this had been said, it was granted to those with whom I was talking on this subject to be in spiritual light, which light is such that in it truths can be seen as clearly as objects in the world are seen in its light; and then those who were in the doctrine of faith alone and justification by faith could not but affirm that this was true; but as soon as that light was taken away from them, and they were let back into their own light, which was natural, they were unable to see otherwise than that the sight of knowledges is saving faith, and therefore that the falsities that they had made part of their faith were truths. Falsities come to be of the faith when evils are of the life.

[9] But to return to the explanation of the words of this passage, "I counsel thee to buy of Me gold tried by fire, that thou mayest be enriched," which signifies that they should acquire for themselves from the Lord genuine good, that they may be able to receive truths. It now remains to be shown that "gold" in the Word signifies the good of love. This can be seen from the following passages.

In Malachi:

Behold, I send My angel [messenger] who shall prepare the way before Me; and the Lord whom ye seek shall suddenly come to His temple, even the angel [messenger] of the covenant whom ye desire; He shall sit refining and purifying silver, and shall purify the sons of Levi, and shall purge them as gold and silver, that they may bring to Jehovah an offering in righteousness (Malachi 3:1-3).

These things are said of the Lord's coming. It is said that Jehovah is to send a messenger [an angel] who will prepare the way before Him; and the messenger [angel] meant is John the Baptist, as is known. "Before Me," or before Jehovah, means before the Lord's Divine Itself; "the temple to which He is to come" means His Divine Human; this is also called "the messenger [angel] of the covenant," because through it there is a conjunction of men and angels with the Divine Itself, for covenant means conjunction. "The silver that He shall sit refining and purifying" means truth from good; "the sons of Levi" mean all those who are in the good of charity and in the truths of faith therefrom; it is therefore said, "He shall purge them as gold and silver." This is said because "gold" signifies good, and "silver" the truth therefrom. "Bringing to Jehovah an offering in righteousness" means worship of the Lord from the good of charity. (That "temple" signifies the Lord's Divine Human, see above, n. 220; that "covenant" signifies conjunction, see Arcana Coelestia 665, 666, 1023, 1038, 1864, 1996, 2003, 2021, 6804, 8767, 8778, 9396, 10632; that "silver" signifies truth from good, n. 1551, 1552, 2954, 5658; that "an offering" signifies the good of love and charity, n. 4581, 9992-9994, 10079, 10137; that "righteousness" is predicated of good, n. 2235, 9857.) Therefore "to bring an offering in righteousness" signifies worship from the good of love.

[10] In Zechariah:

Two parts in all the land shall be cut off, shall expire, but the third shall be left therein. Yet I will lead the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined, and I will try them as gold is tried. (Zechariah 13:8-9)

"All the land" does not mean all the land, but the whole church; nor does "the third part" mean a third part, but some in the church. "To lead it through the fire, and refine as silver is refined, and to try as gold is tried," signifies to so purify them from falsities and evils that good and truth may be implanted. (That "earth" [land] in the Word signifies the church, see Arcana Coelestia 662, 1066, 1068, 1262, 1413, 1607, 2928, 3355, 4447, 4535, 5577, 6516, 9325, 9643; that "a third part" signifies some, n. 2788.) In these passages there are comparisons of "silver" and "gold" with truth and good; but in the Word all things that serve as comparisons also correspond, and thence signify (See Arcana Coelestia 3579, 8989). Because "gold tried by fire" signifies the good of love purified from evils, it was commanded:

That the gold and silver taken from the Midianites should be passed through the fire, and thus be purified (Numbers 31:22-23).

[11] That "gold" signifies the good of love and of charity is shown further in the following passages.

In Hosea:

Israel hath forsaken good; the enemy pursueth him; they have made their silver and their gold into idols for themselves (Hosea 8:3-4).

"Making their silver and their gold into idols for themselves" signifies that they have turned truth and good into falsities and evils, as is evident from its being said, "Israel hath forsaken good, and the enemy pursueth him;" "the enemy" is falsity from evil, and evil from falsity.

[12] In Joel:

What are ye to Me, O Tyre and Zidon? My silver and My gold ye have taken, and the desirable things of My goods have ye brought into your temples, and the sons of Judah, and the sons of Jerusalem ye have sold to the sons of the Grecians, that ye might remove them far from their borders (Joel 3:4-6).

"Tyre and Zidon" mean those within the church who are in the knowledges of truth and good; here those who have perverted these, and applied them to falsities and to the evils of falsities; this is signified by "Ye have taken My silver and My gold, and the desirable things of My goods have ye brought into your temples;" "silver" signifying truth, "gold" good, and "the desirable things of goods" signifying derived truths and goods, which are knowledges from the sense of the letter of the Word; "to bring them into their temples" signifies to turn them into profane worship; that "they sold the sons of Judah and the sons of Jerusalem to the sons of the Grecians" means that they changed all the truths of good into the falsities of evil; "removing them far from their borders" means far from truths themselves. (That "Tyre and Zidon" mean those within the church who are in the knowledges of truth and good, see Arcana Coelestia 1201; that "sons of Judah and sons of Jerusalem" mean all truths of good, because "sons" signify truths, n. 1729, 1733, 2159, 2623, 2803, 2813, 3373, 3704, 7499, 8897, 9807; "Judah" the celestial church, n. 3654, 6364; "Jerusalem" the church where there is genuine doctrine, n. 3654, 9166; that "sons of the Grecians" mean falsities, because "Grecians" signify the nations that are in falsities, see above, n. 50.)

[13] In Ezekiel:

The traders of Sheba and Raamah, by the chief of all spices, and by every precious stone and gold, they gave for thy tradings (Ezekiel 27:22).

In the same:

In thy wisdom and thine intelligence thou hadst made to thyself wealth, and hast gotten gold and silver in thy treasures. Thou wast in Eden, the garden of God; every precious stone was thy covering, and gold (Ezekiel 28:4, 13).

In these two passages also Tyre is treated of, and by it, as was said above, those within the church who are in the knowledges of truth and good are meant. (By "her tradings" those knowledges themselves are meant. "Sheba and Raamah" also mean those who are in these knowledges, see Arcana Coelestia 1171, 3240; "spices" signify truths which are pleasing because from good, see n. 4748, 5621, 9474, 9475, 10199, 10254; "precious stones" signify truths, which are beautiful because from good, n. 9863, 9865, 9868, 9873, 9905; "the garden of Eden" signifies intelligence and wisdom therefrom, n. 100, 108, 1588, 2702, 3220.) Now because these things signify the knowledges of truth and of good, and "gold and silver" the goods and truths themselves, and because through these all intelligence and wisdom are acquired, it is said, "In thine intelligence and thy wisdom thou hast gotten gold and silver in thy treasures."

[14] In Lamentations:

How is the gold become dim! How is the most pure gold changed! The stones of holiness are poured out at the head of every street. The sons of Zion are esteemed equal to pure gold; how are they reputed as earthen bottles, the work of the hands of the potter! (Lamentations 4:1-2).

Here the vastation of the church is treated of; "the gold that is become dim, and the most pure gold that is changed," signify the goods of the church; "the stones of holiness that are poured out at the head of every street," signify the truths therefrom that are falsified; "the sons of Zion, who were esteemed equal to pure gold," signify the truths of the former church; "earthen bottles, the work of the hands of the potter," signify evils of life from falsities of doctrine, which are from self-intelligence.

[15] In Ezekiel:

I decked thee with ornaments, and I gave bracelets upon thy hands, and a chain on thy neck. Thus wast thou decked with gold and silver; and thy garments of fine linen and silk and broidered work. Thou didst also take the vessels of thine adorning of My gold and My silver, which I had given thee, and madest for thee images with which thou couldst commit whoredom (Ezekiel 16:11, 13, 17-18).

Here Jerusalem is treated of, which signifies the church in respect to doctrine (as above). "The ornaments with which she was decked" signify in general all truths from good and intelligence therefrom (Arcana Coelestia 10536, 10540); "bracelets upon the hands" signify in particular, truths from good (3103, 3105); "the chain upon the neck" signifies the conjunction of interior truths and goods with exterior, or things spiritual with things natural (5320); "fine linen" signifies genuine truth, and "silk" the same, resplendent from interior good (5319, 9469); "broidered work" signifies knowledge [scientificum] pertaining to the natural man (n. 9688); "the images with which she committed whoredom" are the fallacies of the senses, that appear as truths to those who are in falsities; "to commit whoredom with them" is to establish falsities by fallacies (that "to commit whoredom" signifies to imbue with falsities, see above, n. 141. From this it is clear that the contents of this chapter describe the church as it was when first established by the Lord, and as it afterwards became.

[16] In Isaiah:

Behold, I stir up against them the Medes, who shall not value silver, and shall not delight in gold; their bows shall dash to pieces the young men, their eye shall not spare the sons (Isaiah 13:17-18).

The "Medes" mean those who are against the truths and goods of the church; it is therefore said of them, "they shall not value silver nor delight in gold;" "silver" is the truth of the church, and "gold" its good. Their "bows" signify the doctrinals of falsity fighting against truths and goods (Arcana Coelestia 2686, 2709); "the young men whom they shall dash to pieces" signify those who are intelligent from truths (n. 7668); "the sons whom they shall not spare" signify the truths themselves.

[17] In the same:

The troop of camels shall cover thee; they all shall come from Sheba; they shall bring gold and frankincense; and they shall proclaim the praises of Jehovah. The isles hope in Me, and the ships of Tarshish, to bring thy sons from far, their silver and their gold with them (Isaiah 60:6, 9).

Here the coming of the Lord is treated of, and "the troop of camels" means all who are in the knowledges of truth and good (Arcana Coelestia 3048, 3071, 3143, 3145); "Sheba, from which they shall come," means where those knowledges themselves are (n. 1171, 3240); "the gold and frankincense which they shall bring" mean goods and truths from good, which are therefore pleasing, "gold" is goods, and "frankincense" truths (n. 9993, 10177, 10296); "the isles which shall hope" mean the nations that are in Divine worship, but more remote from the truths of the church (n. 1158); "the ships of Tarshish" mean the general knowledges of truth and good, which contain many knowledges in particular (n. 1977, 6385); "the sons whom they shall bring from far" mean truths more remote, "sons" meaning truths (as above), and "from far" those more remote (n. 1613, 9487); "their silver and gold with them" signify the knowledges of truth and good with them.

Like things are signified by the wise men who came from the East to the place where Christ was born, offering gifts, gold, frankincense, and myrrh (Matthew 2:11).

They offered these because these signified goods and truths, interior and exterior, which are gifts pleasing to God.

[18] In David:

All kings shall bow themselves before Him; and all nations shall serve Him. He shall save the souls of the needy. And they shall live, and He shall give them of the gold of Sheba (Psalms 72:11, 13, 15).

Here also the coming of the Lord is treated of; by "kings that shall bow themselves before Him," and "nations that shall serve Him," all who are in truths from good are meant (that "kings" signify those who are in truths, see above, n. 31; and that "nations" signify those who are in good, see also above, n. 175; "the needy whom He shall save" mean those who are not in the knowledges of good and truth but yet long for them (See also above, n. 238; "the gold of Sheba, of which He shall give them," means the good of love into which the Lord shall lead them by means of knowledges (what "Sheba" signifies see just above).

[19] In Haggai:

I will stir up all nations, that they may come, the choice of all nations, and I will fill this house with glory. The silver is Mine, and the gold. The glory of this latter house shall be greater than that of the former (Haggai 2:7-9).

This also treats of the coming of the Lord; by "nations" those who are in good and in truths therefrom are meant; by "house" the church (Arcana Coelestia 3720); "the glory with which it shall be filled" means Divine truth (n. 4809, 5922, 8267, 8427, 9429). "The silver is Mine, and the gold," means that truth and good are from the Lord alone.

[20] In Zechariah:

The wealth of all nations round about shall be gathered together, gold, silver, and garments in great abundance (Zechariah 14:14).

"The wealth of all nations" means knowledges, wheresoever they are, even with the evil; "gold, silver, and garments, in great abundance," mean goods and truths, spiritual and natural. The like was signified by the gold, silver, and garments that the sons of Israel borrowed from the Egyptians, when they went away from them (Exodus 3:22; 11:2, 3; 12:35-36).

Why this was done, and what it involves, may be seen in The Arcana Coelestia 6914, 6917, namely, to represent that the things the evil have shall be taken away from them and given to the good (according to the Lord's words in Matthew 25:28, 29; and in Luke 19:24, 26); and that they should make to themselves friends by the unrighteous mammon (according to the words of the Lord in Luke 16:9). "The unrighteous mammon" means the knowledges of truth and good with those who do not possess them justly, who are those that do not apply them to life.

[21] In David:

Kings' daughters are among thy precious ones; at Thy right hand stood the queen in the best gold of Ophir. The king's daughter is all glorious within; her vesture is inwrought with gold (Psalms 45:9, 13).

This treats of the Lord; and "a king's daughter" means the church that is in the affection of truth, which is described by "kings' daughters are among His precious ones," which means the affections of truths themselves; "at His right hand doth stand the queen in the best gold of Ophir" means the Lord's celestial kingdom, which is in the good of love; "her vesture is inwrought with gold" means that its truths are from good.

[22] In Matthew:

Jesus said to His disciples whom He sent forth to preach the gospel, that they should possess no gold, nor silver, nor brass in their purses (Matthew 10:9);

by this was represented that they should have nothing of good and truth from themselves, but only from the Lord, and that all things would be given them freely. Because "gold" signified the good of love:

The table on which the shewbread was placed was overlaid with gold (Exodus 25:23-24);

Likewise the altar of incense, which was thence called the golden altar (Exodus 30:3);

For the same reason the lampstand was made of pure gold (Exodus 25:31, 38);

Also the cherubim (Exodus 25:18);

And for the same reason the ark was overlaid within and without with gold (Exodus 25:11);

Likewise many things in the temple at Jerusalem.

For the tabernacle, in which were the ark, the cherubim, the table on which was the shewbread, the altar of incense, and the lampstand, represented heaven, and so did the temple; therefore the gold therein signified the good of love, and the silver truth from good.

[23] As what is most holy in heaven was represented by the gold in the temple:

When Belshazzar drank wine out of the vessels of gold brought out of that temple, and at the same time praised the gods of gold, silver, brass, iron, wood, and stone, there appeared written on the wall: Numbered, weighed, divided; and in that night he was slain (Daniel 5:2); for thereby was signified the profanation of good.

[24] Moreover "gold" in the Word in a contrary sense signifies the evil of self-love, and "silver" the falsity therefrom. As in Moses:

The silver and gold of the nations they shall not covet, for they are abominations, nor bring them into their houses, but they shall be accursed, because they are to be abhorred and abominated (Deuteronomy 7:25-26).

But this signification of "gold" and "silver" shall be spoken of further on.

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