第二十五章

翻译：觉醒

聪明的童女和愚拙的童女：一个关于爱的比喻

1. 那时，天国好比十个童女拿着灯，出去迎接新郎。

2. 其中有五个是愚拙的，五个是聪明的。

3. 愚拙的拿着灯，却不预备油；

4. 聪明的拿着灯，又预备油在器皿里。

5. 新郎迟延的时候，她们都打盹，睡着了。

6. 半夜有人喊着说，新郎来了，你们出来迎接他！

7. 那些童女就都起来收拾灯。

8. 愚拙的对聪明的说，请分点油给我们，因为我们的灯要灭了。

9. 聪明的回答说，恐怕不够你我用的，不如你们自己到卖油的那里去买吧。

10. 她们去买的时候，新郎到了，那预备好了的，同他进去坐席，门就关了。

11. 其余的童女随后也来了，说，主啊，主啊，给我们开门！

12. 他却回答说，我实在告诉你们，我不认识你们。

13. 所以，你们要警醒，因为那日子，那时辰，你们不知道。

我们每个人都有一种倾向，认为神不是完全与我们同在。在这种时候，我们很难想象祂知道我们生活的每一个细节，并时刻引导着我们。在圣经中，这种倾向被描写为：“主人必来得迟。”（24:48）然而，事实上，主总是亲密地与我们同在，随时准备引导我们，进入我们愿意接受的一切真理。迟延的是我们，而不是主。因此，我们必须警醒，随时做好准备，按照圣经的教导生活，并心中充满爱。

本章延续了上一章的主题，即为主的降临做好准备。它以一个比喻开始，说的是十个童女拿着灯，出去迎接新郎。其中五个童女被认为是聪明的，因为她们为自己的灯预备了多余的油。但其他五个童女被认为是愚拙的，因为她们没有预备多余的油。她们没有为意外的延迟做好准备：“新郎迟延的时候，她们都打盹，睡着了。”（25:5）半夜有人喊着说：“新郎来了，你们出来迎接他！”（25:6）

在这个比喻中，新郎代表主。五个童女在灯里预备了充足的油，表示她们心里对神有充分的爱。“油”因着它的金色光泽，柔软光滑的触感，以及它的许多用途，如提供光明、产生热量、减少摩擦和愈合伤口，是爱的美丽象征。如果我们心中有“油”，当真理进来时，我们就准备好了领悟它——迎接新郎。

但如果我们是愚拙的，我们心中就没有足够的爱。我们就像灯里不预备油的那五个童女。她们确实提着灯，但她们的灯里没有油。任何一盏灯，无论制作多么精良，装饰多么漂亮，若不装满油，都不能产生光明。同样，任何教义，无论表述得多么准确或复杂，若不包含爱（油），都不能帮助我们过更喜乐、更光明的生活。

如果我们认为我们可以没有爱，只要领悟真理，那我们就大错特错了。前一节的警告——你们要预备，因为人子降临的那日子、那时辰，没有人知道——在这里也适用。若没有爱，真理不足以支撑我们。因此，我们不断受到呼召，要进入真理与良善、智慧与爱的天国婚姻。在这个比喻中，我们的灯里总是要预备油，即是代表这一点。我们需要两者兼备，来成就婚姻。

随着比喻的进行，这个基本真理的重要性得到了证明。半夜，新郎来了，五个愚拙的童女意识到她们没有足够的油。她们向聪明的童女求助，说：“请分点油给我们，因为我们的灯要灭了。”（25:8）让我们惊讶的是，五个聪明的童女竟然拒绝了，她们说：“恐怕不够你我用的。”（25:9）她们反倒劝那五个愚拙的童女自己去买油：“不如你们自己到卖油的那里去买吧。”（25:9）

聪明的童女如此回答，这令我们感到惊讶，因为我们原期望她们会表现出怜悯和慷慨，愿意与他人分享，而不是想着自己。毕竟，耶稣本可以说，聪明的童女心里充满了爱，把所有的油都分给了愚拙的童女，然后，奇迹般地，她们自己的灯也装满了新油。但耶稣的比喻不是这样的。

为什么呢？因为耶稣正在教导爱的本质，这是一个重要的功课。我们不能从别人那里得着爱，也不能在生命最后一刻得着爱。爱是在我们一生去恶行善的过程中逐渐建立起来的。如果我们认为我们可以在生命最后一刻匆忙买到它，我们就大错特错了。“她们去买的时候，新郎到了，那预备好了的，同他进去坐席，门就关了。”（25:10）

这并不是说神对我们关上了门。相反，我们对神关上了门，因为我们不愿在生命的每一步都按照祂的旨意生活，从而使心里充满爱。最后一刻的悔改不能拯救我们。“其余的童女随后也来了，说，主啊，主啊，给我们开门！他却回答说，我实在告诉你们，我不认识你们。”（25:11-12） ¹

当耶稣结束比喻时，祂又回到了前面几个情节中一直在阐述的主题——你们要警醒，因为人子降临的那日子、那时辰，你们不知道（24:39）；你们要预备，因为主人什么时候来，你们不知道（24:50）。祂在这里又说：“所以，你们要警醒，因为那日子，那时辰，你们不知道。”（25:13）

银子的比喻：一个关于真理的比喻

14. 天国又好比一个人要往外国去，就叫了仆人来，把他的家业交给他们，

15. 按着各人的才干给他们银子，一个给了五他连得，一个给了两他连得，一个给了一他连得，就往外国去了。

16. 那领五他连得的随即拿去做买卖，另外赚了五他连得。

17. 那领两他连得的也照样另赚了两他连得。

18. 但那领一他连得的去掘开地，把主人的银子埋藏了。

19. 过了许久，那些仆人的主人来了，和他们算账。

20. 那领五他连得银子的又带着那另外的五他连得来，说，主啊，你交给我五他连得银子，请看，我又赚了五他连得。

21. 主人说，好，你这又良善又忠心的仆人，你在不多的事上有忠心，我要把许多事派你管理，可以进来享受你主人的快乐。

22. 那领两他连得的也来，说，主啊，你交给我两他连得银子，请看，我又赚了两千。

23. 主人说，好，你这又良善又忠心的仆人，你在不多的事上有忠心，我要把许多事派你管理，可以进来享受你主人的快乐。

24. 那领一他连得的也来，说，主啊，我知道你是忍心的人，没有种的地方要收割，没有散的地方要聚敛，

25. 我就害怕，去把你的一他连得银子埋藏在地里。请看，你的原银子在这里。

26. 主人回答说，你这又恶又懒的仆人，你既知道我没有种的地方要收割，没有散的地方要聚敛，

27. 就当把我的银子放给兑换银钱的人，到我来的时候，可以连本带利收回。

28. 夺过他这一他连得来，给那有十他连得的。

29. 因为凡有的，还要加给他，叫他有余；没有的，连他所有的也要夺过来。

30. 把这无用的仆人丢在外面黑暗里，在那里必要哀哭切齿了。

在结束了十个童女的比喻后，耶稣立即讲了第二个比喻。这次讲的是一个人到外国去旅行，便召集他的仆人，把银子分给他们。临走前，他“按着各人的才干”（25:15），给一个仆人五他连得银子，一个两他连得银子，一个一他连得银子。在给仆人银子以后，主人就旅行去了。

主人离开以后，仆人各自拿着所得的银子去行。第一个仆人得了五他连得银子，他拿着所得的银子，另外又赚了五他连得。第二个仆人得了两他连得银子，他拿着所得的银子，另外又赚了两他连得。但第三个仆人的做法不同。如经上所记：“但那领一他连得的去掘开地，把主人的银子埋藏了。”（25:18）

当主人回来，察看他们所行的，便祝贺第一个和第二个仆人，因为他们将所得的银子翻了一倍。然而，当主人看到第三个仆人拿着他所得的一他连得银子所行的，便不喜悦。第三个仆人试图为他的行为辩解，说：“我因为害怕，就去把你的一他连得银子埋藏在地里。”（25:25）在我们看来，主人的反应似乎过于严厉，因为他说：“你这又恶又懒的仆人，你至少可以把我的银子放给兑换银钱的人。”（25:27）又说：“夺过他这一他连得来......把这无用的仆人丢在外面黑暗里，在那里必要哀哭切齿了。”（25:26-30）

传统上，银子的比喻被用来说明善用主赐给我们的天赋是何等重要。无论我们有多少天赋，都不是为了我们自己的缘故。它们应该被用来祝福别人。如果我们只是把它们埋藏起来，或者只是为了自私的目的而使用它们，我们就滥用了神赐给我们的礼物。虽然这是很实用的建议，但其中还有更内在的教训。它涉及“银子”一词的属灵含义。因为一他连得是相当重量的银子，所以表示我们从主的圣经中所领受的许多真理。 ²

每当我们按照我们所接受的真理生活时，我们对该真理的理解就会加深。这被描写为银子的加倍。但人的本性中有一种倾向，就是只积累知识，却不学以致用，去做有意义的事情，或者仅仅把它用于自私的、世俗的目的。这被描写为仆人把银子埋在地里。不将知识付诸实践的后果似乎很严重，因为没有赚得银子的仆人唯一的一他连得银子也被夺了去，“被扔在外边黑暗里，在那里哀哭切齿”。

圣经的强烈语言被用来描绘一幅引人注目的画面，即如果我们只是把真理储存在记忆里，而不把它应用于生活中，我们就会将自己投入地狱。如果我们不应用神赐给我们的真理，我们就会失去它。那些只存在于我们的头脑中（埋在地里），没有被投入使用的知识不会存留，在来世也不会成为我们的一部分。

因此，尽管在字面叙述中，惩罚似乎与罪行不相称，但这个比喻为容纳更多内在的真理提供了一个美妙的容器。它不仅警告我们只储存真理而不使用它或自私地使用它的危险，还包含了一个极大的应许，即我们越是将我们从主的圣经中所学到的知识应用于生活，用它来祝福别人，我们就会得到越多。我们不仅会对真理有更深的领悟，也会更充分地体验主的喜乐。正如耶稣对那些善用银子的人所说：“好，你这又良善又忠心的仆人，你在不多的事上有忠心，我要把许多事派你管理，可以进来享受你主人的快乐。”（25:21）

绵羊和山羊：一个关于服务的比喻

下面是马太福音的最后一个比喻。

在十个童女的比喻中，耶稣教导我们心中有爱（灯里有油）的重要性；在银子的比喻中，耶稣教导我们真理（银子）在投入使用时可以成倍地增加。

现在我们来看该系列的第三个比喻——关于服务的比喻。爱、智慧和有用的服务是属灵生活的三个基本方面。没有真理的爱缺乏方向，可能导致感情用事。没有爱的真理缺乏怜悯，可能导致死板和固执。但是，当爱和智慧一起致力于服务时，人就成了活人。如果不致力于服务，爱和智慧就只是头脑中虚无飘渺的概念。 ³

因此，本系列的最后一个比喻涉及有用的服务，这是合宜的。但在讨论这个比喻之前，我们需要简单回顾一下前面的内容。在上上章，耶稣对宗教领袖进行了严厉的批评，责备他们虚伪、诡诈，称他们是“蛇”和“毒蛇的种类”。然后祂预言了圣殿的毁灭和随之而来的灾祸，包括战争、饥荒、瘟疫、地震和荒凉的可憎之事。但祂也应许说，人子将带着能力和大荣耀，驾着天上的云降临。现在，当祂开始说下一个比喻时，祂再次提到人子降临的应许。祂说：“当人子在他荣耀里同着众天使降临的时候，要坐在他荣耀的宝座上。”（25:31）

人子将坐在祂“荣耀的宝座”上的应许，对门徒来说一定是激动人心的。不久前，耶稣对他们说：“你们这跟从我的人，当重生的时候，人子坐在他荣耀的宝座上，你们也要坐在十二个宝座上，审判以色列十二个支派。”（19:28）无疑，他们一定认为他们的时候已经到了，他们即将坐在宝座上。然而，这一次，耶稣没有提到他们将坐在宝座上。在这个比喻中，唯一坐在宝座上的人是“人子”。事实上，十二门徒都是头脑简单的人，他们甚至不知道天国是什么。因此，他们不可能审判任何人。 ⁴

只有主能判断人的内心。当祂进入我们的生活，作为“人子”坐在宝座上，就意味着神将赐给我们能力，用祂的真理来判断我们生命的内在状态。到那时，在主的圣言的光照下，我们可以辨别自己的善恶倾向，区分真实的思想和虚假的思想，把高尚的意图从自私的意图中分别出来。在神圣真理的光照下，我们可以问自己：“这种情感、思想或意图符合主的诫命吗？”如果符合，我们就接纳它；如果不符合，我们就驱逐它。这才是“坐在宝座上”的意思。这是神赋予我们的能力，叫我们可以主导内心产生的思想和情感，或接纳，或驱逐。这样，我们每个人都成为我们内心世国的“王”。

通常情况下，良善的情感与邪恶的情感、真实的思想与虚假的思想、高尚的意图与败坏的意图在我们里面混杂，就像好人与坏人生活在一起一样。这些杂乱的思想和情感现在被描述为我们里面的“万民”，等候审判。我们读到：“万民都要聚集在他面前，他要把他们分别出来，好像牧羊的分别绵羊山羊一般。”（25:32） ⁵

值得注意的是，坐在宝座上的“王”也被描述为一位“牧人”。作为神圣的律法制定者，教导我们真理，主是一位王。但作为神圣的牧人，祂慈悲地引导我们，将真理应用到生活中。因此，在最后一个比喻中，耶稣将王和牧人这两个形象合而为一。作为王，主以真理教导我们；作为牧人，祂以良善引导我们。真理和良善结合在一起，形成了服务他人的生活。在有用的服务中，良善与真理、爱与智慧、仁与信合而为一。 ⁶

耶稣继续说比喻，祂说王要把“绵羊安置在右边，山羊在左边”（25:33）。在圣经中，“绵羊”因为愿意跟随和被引导，代表那些喜欢按照主的诫命生活并跟随祂的人。然而，“山羊”由于其独立的天性，代表那些可能知道真理，但不愿被真理引导的人。这是我们每个人内心的一部分，可能熟悉圣经，却缺乏对真理的喜爱或按照真理生活的意愿。 ⁷

在宗教术语中，“山羊”代表我们每个人的一种倾向，即认为我们只要相信真理，就可以得救，无需按照真理生活。这个观念有时被称为“单单因信得救”（salvation by faith alone）。在这个方面，使徒保罗的话经常被引用：“人称义是因着信，不在乎遵行律法。”（罗马书3:28）然而，当保罗谈到“遵行律法”时，他并不是指十条诫命。相反，他指的是希伯来圣经中的许多仪式和祭祀。

然而，随着时间的推移，人们开始相信，神的恩典会临到那些有“信心”的人，而且神的恩典已经废除了按照诫命生活的要求。人们说：“我现在活在恩典之下，不在律法之下”。任何遵守诫命的努力，或任何行善的尝试，都被认为是“遵行律法”，不过是“污秽的衣服”（*以赛亚书64:6：我们都像不洁净的人，所有的义都像污秽的衣服）。这种观点变得如此普遍，实在令人惊讶，何况耶稣一直教导说，按照诫命履行有用的服务是真信仰的核心。 ⁸

乍看之下，我们很难看出十诫教导了有用的服务。在很大程度上，诫命是教导我们不要做什么，而不是要做什么。它们教导我们不可有别的神，不可妄称耶和华的名，不可在安息日作工，不可杀人，不可奸淫，不可偷盗，不可说谎，不可起贪心。十条诫命中有八条告诉我们不要做什么，而不是要做什么。那么，诫命是如何与有用的服务联系起来的呢？是这样的：通过遵守诫命，我们除去了那些会阻碍主通过我们作工的邪恶。正如先知以赛亚所说：“要止住作恶，学习行善。”（以赛亚书1:16） ⁹

举个例子，思考一下为荣耀自己而行善与为荣耀神而行善之间的区别。在圣经的语言中，为荣耀神而行善被描写为站在王的“右手边”。如经上所记：“王要向那右边的说，你们这蒙我父赐福的，可来承受那创世以来为你们所预备的国。”（25:34）这些人首先专注于洁净自己的心，摆脱自我的欲望和对回报的渴望，以便他们本乎神而行，并为神而行。

在主的“右手边”意味着主藉着我们作工，赐给我们力量和能力，去履行有用的服务。即使在日常用语中，一个值得信赖的、可靠的、执行上级指示的人也被称为“右手”（*得力助手）。那是因为，对大多数人来说，“右手”更有力量。因此，在这个比喻中，“在祂右手边”是指一个人从主那里获得行善的能力。当我们认识到所有行善的能力都来自于主，我们就把荣耀归给了神，而不是把功劳归于自己。我们承认我们只是在充当神的“右手”。 ¹⁰

但是，如果我们没有遵守诫命，没有使用诫命来摆脱自私的思想和欲望，我们就会倾向于相信我们行善是靠着自己。如果我们相信我们行善是靠着自己，我们就不会站在神的右手边。相反，我们将进入山羊当中，被安置在宝座的左边。

因此，在这最后的比喻中，耶稣在问我们每个人：“你为我预备地方了吗？你准备好作我的工了吗？”带着这些问题，我们现在可以考虑绵羊和山羊的比喻的字面含义和属灵含义，这个比喻揭示了基督徒仁爱的本质。 ¹¹

六种有用的服务

31. 当人子在他荣耀里同着众天使降临的时候，要坐在他荣耀的宝座上。

32. 万民都要聚集在他面前。他要把他们分别出来，好像牧羊的分别绵羊山羊一般，

33. 把绵羊安置在右边，山羊在左边。

34. 于是，王要向那右边的说，你们这蒙我父赐福的，可来承受那创世以来为你们所预备的国。

35. 因为我饿了，你们给我吃；渴了，你们给我喝；我作客旅，你们留我住；

36. 我赤身露体，你们给我穿；我病了，你们看顾我；我在监里，你们来看我。

37. 义人就回答说，主啊，我们什么时候见你饿了，给你吃，渴了，给你喝？

38. 什么时候见你作客旅，留你住，或是赤身露体，给你穿？

39. 又什么时候见你病了，或是在监里，来看你呢？

40. 王要回答说，我实在告诉你们，这些事你们既做在我这弟兄中一个最小的身上，就是做在我身上了。

41. 王又要向那左边的说，你们这被咒诅的人，离开我！进入那为魔鬼和他的使者所预备的永火里去！

42. 因为我饿了，你们不给我吃；渴了，你们不给我喝；

43. 我作客旅，你们不留我住；我赤身露体，你们不给我穿；我病了，我在监里，你们不来看顾我。

44. 他们也要回答说，主啊，我们什么时候见你饿了，或渴了，或作客旅，或赤身露体，或病了，或在监里，不伺候你呢？

45. 王要回答说，我实在告诉你们，这些事你们既不做在我这弟兄中一个最小的身上，就是不做在我身上了。

46. 这些人要往永刑里去，那些义人要往永生里去。

绵羊和山羊的比喻以人子作为王坐在祂荣耀的宝座上开始，所有的圣天使都与祂同在。祂的主要任务是分别绵羊和山羊。王告诉那些在他右手边被比作绵羊的人，他们将承受自创世以来为他们所预备的国。这是因为他们遵循了仁爱的六个基本法则。这包括：“我饿了，你们给我吃；渴了，你们给我喝；我作客旅，你们留我住；我赤身露体，你们给我穿；我病了，你们看顾我；我在监里，你们来看我。”（25:35-36）

这些就是仁爱的基本职责。然而，最意味深长的是，真正的仁爱不是我们所行的，而是主藉着我们所行的。在这之前的两个比喻中，聪明的童女灯里有油（爱），勤劳的仆人得了大量的银子（真理）；但爱和真理必须在属灵的婚姻中结合起来，产生有用的服务。童女所领受的爱和仆人所领受的真理都是来自主，而不是来自他们自己。再者，再多的“爱”或“真理”也要在仁爱的行为中体现出来。

换句话说，每一种有用的服务都必须由神圣的爱所激励，由神圣的真理所指引。否则，它不能被视为真正的仁爱。无论一件善行外表看起来多么“良善”，也无论有多少人从中受益，除非它充满神的爱，并由神的智慧所指引，否则它不能被认为是一件善行。如果它是由自我的爱所激发，由自私的利益所催促，由对回报和认可的渴望所驱动，它就不是一件善行。大多数人的动机是复杂的。然而，在真正的仁爱中，自我利益必须放在最后，而不是放在最前。否则，那就是荣耀自己，而不是荣耀神。 ¹²

因此，每当我们面临服务的机会时，我们都要审视自己的动机。无论在什么情况下，我们都必须问自己，我们怎样才能遵行主的旨意，就像羊跟随牧人一样，以此成就最大的善行。当我们把自我的意愿和利益放在一边，我们就可以凭着神的爱，藉着神的智慧行事。

下面就是六类有用的服务。我们将考虑每一类：首先，它可能与我们生活的外在世界中的服务有关，然后，它可能与我们生活的内在世界中的服务有关。

饿了：“我实在想要行善” ¹³

第一类有用的服务涉及人类最基本的需求：饥饿。耶稣说：“我饿了，你们给我吃。”提供和分享食物（擘饼）是一种普遍的仁慈和友谊的姿态。当我们支持消除世界饥荒的努力时，这就更加重要了。为饥饿的人提供食物，为那些将死于饥饿的人提供帮助，是世间仁爱的最高形式之一。

在更内在的层面上，我们每个人生来都有渴望行善（即为他人服务）的神圣饥饿感。这是我们最初和最基本的灵性上的饥饿感。每当我们履行真正的服务，伸出爱和同情之手，或者每当我们鼓励他人行善，支持他们行善的努力，我们就是在“喂养饥饿的人”。每当我们为人类的精神福祉做出贡献，或者为他人提供服务的机会，我们就是在满足神所赐的这种饥饿感。因此，奉神的名行善，并鼓励别人如此行，是最能滋养灵魂的食物。正如耶稣所说：“我饿了，你们给我吃。”

渴了：“我实在想知道真理” ¹⁴

第二类有用的服务涉及人类的另一个基本需求：口渴。耶稣说：“我渴了，你们给我喝。”水是维持一切物质生命的必要条件。若没有水，人很难存活几天。没有足够的水，毒素就会累积，无法排出体外。这可能导致头痛、精神错乱、昏厥，甚至死亡。全世界都迫切需要安全、无污染的饮用水。让人们获得干净的水，用以解渴，使生命得以维持，这是世间仁爱的一种基本形式。

在更内在的层面上，我们每个人生来都有一种对真理的神圣渴望。纯正的真理对于灵魂的作用，正如干净的水对于身体的作用。它能滋养人，使人神清气爽。清澈的、不受虚假污染的真理，能振奋和鼓舞灵魂，给它目标和方向。灵魂渴望真理，正如干渴的行人渴望水一样。学习真理，以便更好地服务他人的愿望，都是神所赐的渴望。正如耶稣所说：“我渴了，你们给我喝。”

客旅：“我实在想接受教导” ¹⁵

第三类有用的服务是关心我们身边的陌生人。耶稣说：“我作客旅，你们留我住。”在耶稣说这话的年代，善待陌生人，接待他们，为他们提供食物和住所，被认为是一种仁爱行为。如经文所记：“若有外人在你们国中和你同居，就不可欺负他。和你们同居的外人，你们要看他如本地人一样，并要爱他如己，因为你们在埃及地也作过寄居的。”（利未记19:33-34）因此，耶稣是在提醒祂的听众，接纳陌生人，欢迎人们进入我们的生活，是一个基本的仁爱法则。

在更内在的层面上，如果我们不了解彼此的愿望、期待和梦想，我们彼此就是陌生人。为了服务他人，我们必须了解我们所服务的人的需要。了解他人需求的意愿，将使我们获得如何最有效服务他人的洞见和方向。因此，我们必须有了解他们的意愿，有接受教导的意愿。

就像我们需要了解陌生人的需要，以便更好地服务他们一样，我们也需要了解主和祂的真实本质，以便更好地服事祂。意思是，我们必须有接受教导的渴望，以便了解神的愿望、期待和梦想。简单地说，就是希望接受祂的教导，以便我们更充分地服事祂。如果我们愿意接受这样的教导，真诚地渴望了解神的旨意，祂就不再是我们的陌生人了。正如耶稣所说：“我作客旅，你们留我住。”

赤身露体：“若没有主，我的内心就没有良善和真理” ¹⁶

第四类有用的服务涉及人类对衣服蔽体的需求。耶稣说：“我赤身露体，你们给我穿。”为有需要的人提供外套、毛衣或毯子，免得他们在寒冷中瑟瑟发抖，是一种基本的仁爱行为。据计算，全世界有数百万人买不起鞋子。精简塞满衣服的衣柜，把多余的鞋子送给别人，或者向收容所捐款，这些都是为有需要的人提供衣服蔽体的简单方法。

在更内在的层面上，每当我们没有“穿上”天国的衣服，也就是神的爱和智慧，我们就实在是赤身露体的。例如，在我们的生活中，有时我们可能会感到愤怒、烦恼或沮丧。如果我们在灵性上是警醒的，这可以是一个机会，叫我们承认，若离了主，我们里面就没有良善或真理。换句话说，我们看到我们在灵性上是“赤身露体的”。这时候，我们可以转向主，承认我们是赤身露体的，并祈求穿上合适的衣服，也就是诸如理解、宽恕和智慧等品质。每一种属天的品质都是神的衣服。一旦我们得体地穿上这些衣服，当我们遇见通常会让我们表现自我的情形，我们会用爱和理解来回应；自我是我们裸露在外的部分，丧失了属灵的生命。

同样地，当我们看到别人处于消极的状态，我们可以用主的怜悯和理解来回应他们，用仁爱来给他们蔽体。正如耶稣所说：“我赤身露体，你们给我穿。”

病了：“若没有主，我里面除了邪恶，什么都没有” ¹⁷

第五类有用的服务涉及人类在生病时所需的帮助。耶稣说：“我病了，你们看顾我。”很少有人（如果有的话）一生不生病。无论是患上相对轻微的疾病（感冒、发烧、喉咙痛），还是比较严重的疾病（脊髓灰质炎、肝炎、癌症），若有人来探望我们，坐在我们身边，给予我们帮助，我们都会得到安慰。我们感激那些抽时间来照顾我们的人。

在更内在的层面上，承认我们在灵性上是“病人”，就是承认我们自己全然是恶。由于我们倾向于以自我为中心，自私自利，所以我们需要主来医治我们。幸运的是，主从不拒绝任何人。相反，当我们生病时，祂会看顾我们，察看我们的灵魂。祂超越症状，看到每一种属灵疾病的根本原因。这些原因包括但不限于：蔑视、怨恨、拒绝宽恕、图谋报复、各种形式的自我中心，最根本的是，抗拒主的引导。

虽然这样的诊断令人不快，但神圣的医生并没有让我们丧失希望。祂提供了药物，并为我们指明了道路。当我们承认我们确实是以自我为中心，自私自利，选择被个人利益所引导，而不是被主所引导，治愈就有望了。一旦我们开始遵循处方（遵守诫命），治愈就开始了。随着邪恶逐渐被清除，主用祂的爱充满我们，用祂的真理复兴我们，并赐给我们力量，使我们痊愈。

同样地，当我们遇见在灵性上生病的人，我们可以回想主为我们所做的。我们不会转身离开。正如耶稣所说：“我病了，你们看顾我。”

在监里：“若没有主，我里面除了虚假，什么都没有” ¹⁸

第六类有用的服务涉及人们在被囚禁时所需的帮助。耶稣说：“我在监里，你们来看我。”在圣经时代，监狱是黑暗的，里面没有窗户，我们称之为地牢。通常，人们会因为无力偿还债务而被送进监狱。在那里，他们会独自坐在黑暗中，不能去任何地方，也不能做任何事情来解脱自己。当我们考虑到囚犯几乎失去了对生活的所有控制，包括不能接触外面的世界时，我们可以想象，若有人来探视他们，会是多么重要。这让他们知道，他们没有被遗忘或抛弃。

在更内在的层面上，每当我们被错误的思维束缚时，我们就成了囚犯，坐在黑暗中。当我们在灵性上被束缚时，我们的思想会变得阴暗。我们陷入恐惧、怀疑和怨恨。我们不是专注于主的真理，感恩祂所赐的丰盛的恩典，而是专注于我们所缺乏的事物。从潜藏的邪恶中，产生了虚假的想象。我们相信事情永远不会改变，没有希望，我们是毫无价值的人，我们的努力是徒劳的。

这些错误的信念可能是毁灭性的，让我们失去希望和盼望。这是一个灵性上的监狱，我们最终失去逃离的愿望。这就是彻底绝望的监狱。

另一方面，还有一种监狱，就是骄傲的监狱。当被束缚在骄傲的监狱里时，我们想象自己比别人更优秀，更重要，更值得称赞。我们要求得到尊重和认可。在这种自高自大的状态下，我们错误地认为我们什么都可以做到。结果，我们过度劳累，争强好胜，并过度要求正确。我们操纵他人来实现我们的野心，如果没有达到目标，就责怪他人，如果得偿所愿，便将成就全归于自己。简而言之，我们错误地认为一切都是我们的功劳。无疑，在骄傲的监狱里，没有主的容身之地。

无论错误的思想是将我们带入绝望的地牢还是骄傲的监狱，问题都是一样的。如果没有主在我们的生命中，没有祂真实的话语在我们的头脑中，我们就无法逃脱虚假的想象，从而陷入痛苦的深渊。但我们必须逃离。这就是为什么我们需要有人来到我们身边，给我们带来真理之光，驱散黑暗。

真理之光所做的第一件事，就是揭示我们在监狱中的事实。如果我们承认我们确实被囚禁了，而且我们需要主的真理来照亮我们的出路，我们就有了一个开始。一旦我们承认了这一点，光就会变得更加明亮。在这道光中，我们看出是错误的思维模式使我们陷入了绝望或骄傲的状态。我们开始相信，我们唯有靠着主，通过祂神圣的真理，才能得着自由。

同样，在我们的生活中，有时人们也会暂时被错误的思维和虚假的想象所禁锢。在这些时候，不应该让他们独自留在监狱中。相反，我们应该靠近他们，倾听他们的心声，并试着去理解他们。然后，当主带着祂的怜悯引导我们时，我们可以提出问题和建议，帮助他们更清楚地了解自己的境地。正如耶稣所说：“我在监里，你们来看我。”

“你们既作在我这弟兄中一个最小的身上”

当耶稣描述完这六种有用的服务时，由绵羊所代表的义人说：“主啊，我们什么时候见你饿了，给你吃，渴了，给你喝？什么时候见你作客旅，留你住，或是赤身露体，给你穿？又什么时候见你病了，或是在监里，来看你呢？”耶稣回答说：“我实在告诉你们，这些事你们既做在我这弟兄中一个最小的身上，就是做在我身上了。”（25:37-40）

“我这弟兄中最小的”一语尤其值得注意。每当我们努力看到另一个人身上的良善，并努力支持和鼓励这种良善，我们就是在爱和服务那个人里面的主。我们要喂养、滋润、庇护、遮盖、医治和释放的正是神在他人身上的那种品质，即使是我们所能发现的最小的良善。这是我们能够成就的最伟大的善举。这就是为什么每当我们这样做时，耶稣对我们说：“这些事你们既做在我这弟兄中一个最小的身上，就是做在我身上了。” ¹⁹

耶稣还提出了最后的告诫。如果我们不认真对待祂的劝勉，过一种仁爱的生活，我们将失去天堂的祝福，活在地狱的痛苦中。正如耶稣所说：“这些人要往永刑里去”。

谦卑之福

这是耶稣要对门徒说的最后一个比喻。祂已经多次多方地教导他们，谦卑是宗教生活的精髓，凡自己谦卑的，必升为高。

在这一系列仁爱的行为中，耶稣又回到了谦卑的主题。祂教导我们要渴望（hunger for）良善，渴望（thirst for）真理，愿意接受教导；祂教导我们要承认，若离了祂，我们自己没有良善或真理，全然是恶，住在黑暗中。从内在的层面来看，每一类有用的服务都描述了我们体验真正谦卑的另一种方式。这是非常重要的，因为谦卑能使我们获得天堂的祝福。正如耶稣对那些谦卑跟随祂的人所说：“你们这蒙我父赐福的，可来承受那创世以来为你们所预备的国。”（25:34） ²⁰

脚注:

817. And he spake as a dragon, signifies with a similar affection, thought, doctrine, and preaching, as belong to those who separate faith from the life of faith, which is charity. This is evident from the signification of "speaking," as being affection, thought, doctrine, and preaching. This is the signification of "speaking" because all the speech of man is from affection and the consequent thought. The affection itself is expressed by the sound of the speech, and the thought by its words. The affection and the thought are both of them in the speech, as everyone who reflects can see. The affection alone by itself cannot speak, it can only make a sound and sing; nor can thought alone by itself speak otherwise than as an automaton without life, since it is the affection that gives life to every expression of speech; and this is why a man is regarded by others according to the affection of his speech and not according to the words he utters. "To speak" signifies also to preach from doctrine, thus doctrine and preaching therefrom, because it is said that the beast "spake as a dragon;" and a "dragon" means those who are in faith separated from charity both in doctrine and in life (See above, n. 711, 714); and this beast means confirmations from the sense of the letter of the Word in favor of the separation of faith from life, and the resulting falsifications of the Word; consequently "to speak as a dragon" signifies that kind of religion in respect to doctrine and preaching.

[2] As faith separate from charity and the resulting falsification of the Word are described by the dragon and its two beasts, I will show in this article that a like heresy is depicted in the Word by "Cain," by "Reuben," and by the "Philistines," and the like is meant also by the "he-goat" in Daniel. For there have been several churches on this earth, namely, the Most Ancient, which was before the flood; the Ancient, which was after the flood; the Jewish, which followed the Ancient; and lastly the Christian Church. All of these churches degenerated in process of time into two enormous errors, into one which adulterated all the goods of the church, and into the other which falsified all its truths. The church that adulterated all the goods of the church is described in the Word by the "Babylonians and Chaldeans;" and the church that falsified all the truths of the church is described by "Cain," by "Reuben," and by the "Philistines," and by the "he-goat" in Daniel which fought with the ram and overcame it. The adulteration of the good of the church, which is described by the "Babylonians and Chaldeans," will be spoken of hereafter where "Babylon" is treated of in Revelation; but now the falsification of truth shall be treated of, which is described here in Revelation by "the dragon and his two beasts," and was also described by "Cain," and by the others above mentioned.

[3] That those who separate the knowledges of truth and good from a life according to them, and who believe that they may be saved by these alone, were represented by "Cain," has been briefly shown in the Arcana Coelestia where Cain and Abel are treated of; to which this shall be added. It is written of Cain:

That he was the firstborn of Adam, and that he tilled the ground, and brought of the fruit of the ground an offering to Jehovah; and that Abel was a shepherd of the flock, and brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof; also that Jehovah had respect unto the offering of Abel and not unto the offering of Cain, that therefore Cain's anger was kindled and he slew his brother; and that Cain was therefore accursed and rejected from the ground, and became a wanderer and fugitive in the earth; and that Jehovah set a sign upon Cain lest he should be slain, and decreed that whoever should slay him should have vengeance taken on him sevenfold (See Genesis 4).

It is to be known that all names of persons and places in the Word signify things and states of the church, especially the names in the first chapters of Genesis, because the stories in those chapters are made-up histories containing the deepest arcana of heaven, and yet they are most holy in the sense of the letter, because in every least word there is a spiritual sense that conjoins the heavens with the men of the church. What these stories involve in the spiritual sense and what the names of the persons there signify has been explained in the Arcana Coelestia. "Cain" signifies the knowledges of truth and good separated from a life according to them, thus from heavenly love, and "Abel" signifies heavenly love; or what is the same, "Cain" signifies truth separated from good, and "Abel" good conjoined with truth. And as truth is the first thing of the church, since every church is formed by means of truths, because every church begins from truths or from the knowledges of truth and good, therefore Cain was the firstborn, and was named "man" [vir] of Jehovah," "man of Jehovah" signifying in the Word the truth of heaven and the church; and the "ground" which Cain tilled signifies the church. The separation of truth from good is signified by the murder of Abel by Cain; for when everything of the church is placed in truths or in knowledges, and not in goods or in the affection of living according to truths, good with its affections is slain. And as everything of the church perishes when truth is separated from good, so Cain "was cast forth from the ground," which, as has been said, signifies the church. But because truths are the first things of the church, for life must be learned from truths, "a sign was set on Cain, lest someone should slay him; and it was decreed that if anyone should slay him he should be avenged seven-fold." And because truth without good is carried hither and thither, having nothing to lead it, and consequently falls successively into falsities, and departs from the way that leads to heaven, so Cain "was cast forth from the face of Jehovah, and became a wanderer and fugitive." The like is true of faith and charity, since faith is of truth and charity is of good; so when faith is separated from charity what is said of Cain takes place, namely, that "it kills Abel its brother," which is charity, and in consequence the church perishes, which is signified by "being cast forth from the ground, and becoming a wanderer and fugitive," for when faith is separated from charity truth is successively turned into falsity and falls away.

[4] It has been shown above n. 434, that "Reuben," the firstborn of Jacob, signified the light of truth and thence the understanding of the Word, and thus truth from good or faith from charity, as did the apostle Peter; and that conversely, "Reuben" represented truth separated from good, or faith separated from charity, and that this faith is signified by his adultery with Bilhah his father's concubine, in consequence of which the birthright was taken away from him and given to Joseph. To this may be added, that all heresies, so far as they are adulterations and falsifications of the Word, correspond to adulteries and whoredoms of various kinds, and these because of this correspondence are actually perceived in the spiritual world from those who are in heresies. The reason of this is that marriages as they exist in the heavens derive their spiritual origin from the conjunction of good and truth; and conversely, adulteries derive their origin from the conjunction of evil and falsity; and this is why heaven is compared in the Word to a marriage, and hell to adultery. And as there is in the hells the conjunction of evil and falsity, so there continually exhales therefrom a sphere of adultery. It is for this reason that "adulteries and whoredoms" signify in the Word the adulterations of the good of the church and the falsifications of its truth (See above, n. 141, 161).

[5] In respect to faith separated from charity, this is perceived in the spiritual world as the adultery of a son with a mother as also with a step-mother. This is so because that faith shuts out the good of charity; and when this is shut out the evil of the love of self and of the world takes its place, and that faith conjoins itself with that love. For every kind of faith must necessarily conjoin itself with some love; therefore when spiritual love, which is charity, is separated, faith then conjoins itself with the love of self or with the love of the world, which are the loves that are dominant in the natural man; and this is why so heinous an adultery results from faith separated from charity. From this then it is clear what is signified by the adultery of Reuben with Bilhah his father's concubine, and why he was rejected for this reason from the right of the primogeniture. This is also meant by the prophecy of Israel his father respecting Reuben:

Reuben my firstborn, thou art my power and the beginning of my vigor; excelling in exaltation and excelling in strength; light as water, thou shalt not excel, because thou wentest up to thy father's bed, then thou didst profane it, he went up to my couch (Gen. 49:3, 4).

These words may be seen explained in the Arcana Coelestia (n. 6341-6350). That such adultery is perceived in the spiritual world from faith separated from charity has been made evident to me from correspondences in that world. For whenever I have perceived afar off the sphere of adultery with a mother or stepmother, I have known at once that those who had confirmed themselves in faith alone both in doctrine and in life were near, and they were also then discovered; and when they had been explored they were found to have been such in the world.

[6] So much respecting Reuben; we will now speak of the Philistines; these also in the Word represent faith separated from love. It was for this reason that they were called the "uncircumcised;" for "one uncircumcised" signifies one who is destitute of spiritual love, and is solely in natural love, and with that love alone no religious principle can be conjoined, much less anything of the church; for every religious principle and everything of the church has regard to the Divine, to heaven, and to spiritual life; and these cannot be conjoined with any other than a spiritual love; but not with a natural love separated from a spiritual love; since natural love separated from spiritual love is man's own [proprium], and this, regarded in itself, is nothing but evil. All the wars that the sons of Israel waged against the Philistines represented the combats of the spiritual man with the natural man, and thence also the combats of truth conjoined with good against truth separated from good, which in itself is not truth but falsity. For truth separated from good is falsified in the idea of the thought respecting it, and for the reason that there is nothing spiritual present in the thought to enlighten it. For the same reason those who are in faith separated from charity have no truth, except merely in their speech or in their preaching from the Word, the idea of truth instantly perishing as soon as truth is thought about.

[7] Because this religion exists in the churches with all who love to live a natural life, so in the land of Canaan the Philistines were not subjugated, as the other nations of that land were, and consequently there were many battles with them. For all the historical things of the Word are representative of such things as pertain to the church; and all the nations of the land of Canaan represented things heretical confirming either the falsities of faith or the evils of the love; while the sons of Israel represented the truths of faith and the goods of love, and thus the church. But what was represented by the wars that the inhabitants of the land of Canaan carried on will be told in its place and time; here it shall merely be shown that the Philistines represented a religious principle separated from spiritual good, such as is the religious principle of faith alone separated from its life, which is charity. This is why the sons of Israel whenever they fell away from the worship of Jehovah to the worship of other gods were given over to their enemies, or were conquered by them:

Thus they were given over to the Philistines, and served them eighteen years, and afterwards forty years (Judges 10;Judges 13).

This represented their departure from the worship from the good of love and the truths of faith to worship from the evils of love and the falsities of faith. Likewise:

The sons of Israel were conquered and distressed by the Philistines (1 Samuel 4; 13; 28; 29; 31).

But when the sons of Israel returned to the worship of Jehovah, which was the worship from the good of love and the truths of faith, they conquered the Philistines (1 Samuel 7, 1 Samuel 14; 2 Samuel 5; 2 Samuel 8; 21; 23; 2 Kings 18). That these historical things involve such things can be seen only from the series of things there described when viewed in the internal sense, to present which here would occupy too much time; therefore one passage only from the prophetical parts of the Word shall be cited, from which it will be manifest that such things as pertain to the church were represented by the Philistines in these narratives.

[8] Thus in Isaiah:

Rejoice not, O Philistea, all of thee, because the rod that smiteth thee is broken; for out of the serpent's root shall come forth a basilisk, whose fruit shall be a fiery-flying serpent. Then the firstborn of the poor shall feed, and the needy shall lie down in safety; and I will kill thy root with famine, and he shall slay thy remnant. Howl, O gate; cry out, O city; thou whole Philistea art dissolved; for from the north cometh a smoke, and none shall be alone in thy assemblies. What then shall one answer, ye messengers of the nation? That Jehovah hath founded Zion, and in her the afflicted of His people shall hope (Isaiah 14:29-32).

This describes Philistea, which signifies the church, or those in the church who indeed are in truths from the sense of the letter of the Word or from some other revelation, and yet are in filthy loves, consequently their truths are not living truths; and truths not living are turned into falsities when they are brought from exterior thought, which is the thought next to the speech, into interior thought, which belongs to the understanding, also when this thought considers truths in their origin, which those who are meant by "the Philistines" do not see. They do not see for the reason that while every man, even an evil man, has a faculty to understand, he has no good of the will, which is the good of life; for this good springs from love to God and from love to the neighbor, and it is these loves that cause that faculty to communicate with heaven and receive enlightenment therefrom.

[9] This chapter in Isaiah describes those who are in truths without good, and shows that with such all truths are turned into falsities. This, therefore, is the spiritual sense of these words: "Rejoice not, O Philistea, all of thee, because the rod that smiteth thee is broken," signifies that they should not rejoice because they are permitted to remain in their heresy by reason of the fewness of those who are in truths from good; "for out of the serpent's root shall come forth a basilisk" signifies that out of the sensual man a dogma destructive of all truth will arise; "the serpent's root" being the sensual, which is the ultimate of man's life, and "the basilisk" being the destruction of all truth. "Whose fruit shall be a fiery-flying serpent" signifies from which there will spring faith separated from charity; this faith is meant by "a fiery-flying serpent" because it flies upwards by means of reasonings and confirmations from things revealed that are not understood, and thus it kills the things that are living. In like manner "the basilisk" has a similar signification as "the dragon," which is also called "a serpent;" and "the fiery-flying serpent" has a similar signification as "the beast coming up out of the sea and the beast out of the earth," in this chapter of Revelation. "Then the firstborn of the poor shall feed, and the needy shall lie down in safety," signifies that when that dogma is received by those who are natural and sensual men, and who believe themselves to be wiser than others, truths from good with those who desire what is true and will what is good, will become living; "the firstborn" in the Word signify truths born from good; the "poor" those who are not in truths but who still desire them, and the "needy" those who are not in goods but who in heart will them. "And I will kill thy root with famine, and he shall slay thy remnant," signifies that all truths, from the first of them to the last, will be destroyed by falsities. "Howl, O gate; cry out, O city," signifies that no entrance will be granted to any truth, and that doctrine will be made up of mere falsities, "gate" signifying entrance to the truths of doctrine, and "city" doctrine. "Thou whole Philistea art dissolved" signifies the destruction of that church by mere falsities. "For from the north cometh a smoke" signifies that every falsity from evil will break in from hell, "the north" meaning hell, and "smoke" the falsity of evil. "And none shall be alone in thy assemblies" signifies that there shall not remain a single truth among their knowledges. "What then shall one answer, ye messengers of the nation?" signifies the enlightenment of those who are in the good of life from love to the Lord. "That Jehovah hath founded Zion" signifies that a church shall be established from them; "and in her the afflicted of His people shall hope" signifies that those who are not in wisdom from self, and who conquer in temptations against such falsities, shall have intelligence and salvation.

[10] The vastation of truth by falsities with those who are meant by "the Philistines" is also described by Jeremiah 47:1-7; likewise in Ezekiel 25:15, 16; in Joel 3:4-6; in Amos 1:8. That such falsify truths is meant by "the daughters of the Philistines," mentioned in Ezekiel 16:27, 57; also in 2 Samuel 1:20; "the daughters of the Philistines" there meaning the affections of falsity. Their religious principle was also represented by their idol called Dagon, which was set up in Ashdod, and which, according to their description, was formed like a man from the head to the navel, and like a fish from the navel downwards; its being like a man from the head to the navel represented the understanding derived from truths; and like a fish from the navel downwards represented the natural destitute of the good of love; for the lower part down to the knees corresponds to celestial love, and a "fish" signifies the natural man which is without spiritual good. (That "man" [homo] signifies the affection of truth, may be seen above, n. 280; that his "head" signifies the understanding of truth and intelligence therefrom, n. 553; that a "fish" signifies the natural man, n. 513; and that the generative organs signify from correspondence celestial love, see Arcana Coelestia 5050-5062. Moreover, the "emerods" with which the Philistines were smitten when the ark of God was held captive by them, signified truths defiled by evils of life; but these and other things related about them in 1 Samuel 5 may be seen explained above, n. 700)

[11] Truth defiled by evil of life is signified also by "the uncircumcised" (2 Samuel 1:20; Ezekiel 28:10; 31:18; 32:18, 19; 44:9). For the foreskin corresponds to corporeal love, because the member which it covers corresponds to spiritual and celestial love. And because "the Philistines" represented those who are in knowledge (scientia) and cognitions of truth without any spiritual and celestial good, they were called "uncircumcised." And as the sons of Israel were also actually of the same character, in order that they might nevertheless represent the church which is in spiritual and celestial good and in truths therefrom, it was commanded that they should be circumcised. From this it can be seen that the religious principle at this day that separates charity from faith is in the representative sense Philistea.

[12] So much respecting the Philistines. Something shall now be said about the goats and sheep, upon which judgment will be executed, according to the Lord's words in Matthew (Matthew 25:31-46 end). The common opinion is that the "goats" there mean all the evil, and it has not been known heretofore that the "goats" there mean those who are in faith separated from charity, and the "sheep" those who are in faith from charity. In a good sense "goats" mean those who are in natural good and in truths therefrom, which truths are called the knowledges (cognitiones) of truth and good from the natural sense of the Word. Such as these, or such good and such truth therefrom, are signified by the goats that were sacrificed. That there were also sacrifices of goats is evident from Leviticus 4:23; 9:2-4, 8-23; 16:2-20; 23:18, 19; Numbers 15:22-29; 28:11-15, 28:18-31; 29:1; and elsewhere. For all the beasts that were offered as sacrifices signified such things as pertain to the church, all of which have reference to goods and truths. The celestial goods and the truths therefrom in which are the angels in the third heaven were signified by "lambs," while the spiritual goods and truths in which are the angels in the middle heaven were signified by "rams," and the natural goods and truths therefrom, in which are the angels who are in the lowest heaven, were signified by "goats." Celestial goods and truths are with those who are in love to the Lord; but spiritual goods and truths are with those who are in love towards the neighbor; and natural goods and truths with those who live well according to truths from natural affection. This is the signification of these three kinds of beasts in various parts of the Word (as in Ezekiel 27:21; Deuteronomy 32:14).

[13] But as most things in the Word have also a contrary sense, so "goats" signify in that sense those who are in faith separated from charity, for the reason that they are more lascivious than other animals, and that they signify in the genuine sense those who are in natural good and the truth thence, and all who are in faith separated from charity both in doctrine and in life are merely natural. That such are meant in the Word by "goats" has been shown me to the life in the spiritual world. There various beasts are seen; but they are not such beasts as exist in our world, that is, not beasts that have been born, but they are correspondences of the affections and of the thoughts therefrom of spirits and angels; consequently as soon as those affections and the thoughts therefrom vary and cease, these beasts vanish out of sight. That I might know that those who are in faith separated from charity, or rather the affections and thoughts of such from their faith, are represented by "goats," it was granted me to see some of those spirits; and they appeared before my eyes and the eyes of many others altogether as goats with horns. Moreover, when rams and sheep were sent among them these goats being kindled with anger rushed upon them, and strove to throw them down, but in vain. For in the spiritual world goats have no power against the rams or sheep, therefore the goats were overcome. Afterwards it was granted me to see the same as men; and this was a proof that the goats were identical with those who had lived in the world in faith separated from charity.

[14] From this what is signified by the "ram" and the "he-goat," and "the battle between them," in the eighth chapter of Daniel can be seen, namely, that the "ram" there means those who are in faith from charity, and the "he-goat" those who are in faith separated from charity. Thus the future state of the church is there described, namely, that faith separate would dissipate all charity, which is the good of life, and falsity therefrom would have rule in the Christian world. To illustrate this, I will present a summary of what is related in Daniel respecting the ram and the he-goat, as follows:

Daniel saw in vision a ram that had two horns, one higher than the other, but the higher came up last; and he made himself great. But then a he-goat of the goats came from the west over the faces of all the earth; and he charged upon the ram and smote him, and broke his two horns; and he cast the ram down to the earth, and trampled upon him. The he-goat had a horn between his eyes, and when this was broken there came up four horns in its place towards the four winds of the heavens; and out of one of them came forth one horn which grew exceedingly, even to the host of the heavens, and cast down some of the host and of the stars to the earth and trampled upon them. Yea, it exalted itself even to the prince of the host, and the continual burnt-offering was taken away from him, and the dwelling-place of his sanctuary was cast down; and it cast down the truth to the earth (Daniel 8:1-14, seq.).

That the "ram" here means those who are in faith from charity, and the "he-goat" those who are in faith separated from charity, may be seen above (n. 316 and n. 573, where the same things are explained; therefore I pass by any further explanation.

[15] Again that "he-goats" mean those who are in faith separated from charity, and "rams" those who are in faith from charity, is evident also in Ezekiel:

And as for you, O my flock, behold I judge between cattle and cattle, and between rams and he-goats (Ezekiel 34:17).

Likewise in Zechariah:

Mine anger was kindled against the shepherds, and I will visit upon the he-goats (Zechariah 10:3).

From this it can be seen that the goats and the sheep in Matthew (25:31-46 to the end) have the same meaning; consequently works of charity only are there enumerated which were done by the sheep, and were not done by the goats. That such are there meant by the "goats" was proved also when the Last Judgment was accomplished upon those who belonged to the Christian Church; for then all those who were in faith separated from charity both in doctrine and life were cast into hell; and all who were in faith from charity were kept safe.